Subject: [PATCH v2 2/2] commit: sign commit after mutating buffer

From: "brian m. carlson" <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 22:18:34 +0000

The ensure_utf8 function can mutate the buffer to change its encoding,
so we must call it before signing the buffer so that we do not
invalidate the signature, which is made over raw bytes.  Fix a bug which
caused the compatibility code to not convert the compatibility buffer if
the main buffer was invalid UTF-8.  We expect both buffers to be valid
UTF-8 or both invalid, since the only data that would differ between
them would be hex object IDs, which are always valid UTF-8.

Add a test for this case using 0xfe and 0xff, which are never valid in
UTF-8.

Reported-by: Kushal Das <[email-masked]>
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <[email-masked]>
---
 commit.c                 | 15 +++++++++++----
 t/t7510-signed-commit.sh | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index 790dd2faed..e5d725fe93 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -1726,6 +1726,7 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
 	struct repository *r = the_repository;
 	int result = 0;
 	int encoding_is_utf8;
+	bool warned = false;
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT, compat_buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf sig = STRBUF_INIT, compat_sig = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct object_id *parent_buf = NULL, *compat_oid = NULL;
@@ -1747,6 +1748,13 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
 		oidcpy(&parent_buf[i++], &p->item->object.oid);
 
 	write_commit_tree(&buffer, msg, msg_len, tree, parent_buf, nparents, author, committer, extra);
+
+	/* And check the encoding. */
+	if (encoding_is_utf8 && !ensure_utf8(&buffer)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, _(commit_utf8_warn));
+		warned = true;
+	}
+
 	if (sign_commit && sign_buffer(&buffer, &sig, sign_commit,
 				       SIGN_BUFFER_USE_DEFAULT_KEY)) {
 		result = -1;
@@ -1780,6 +1788,9 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
 		free_commit_extra_headers(compat_extra);
 		free(mapped_parents);
 
+		if (encoding_is_utf8 && !ensure_utf8(&compat_buffer) && !warned)
+			fprintf(stderr, _(commit_utf8_warn));
+
 		if (sign_commit && sign_buffer(&compat_buffer, &compat_sig,
 					       sign_commit,
 					       SIGN_BUFFER_USE_DEFAULT_KEY)) {
@@ -1818,10 +1829,6 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* And check the encoding. */
-	if (encoding_is_utf8 && (!ensure_utf8(&buffer) || !ensure_utf8(&compat_buffer)))
-		fprintf(stderr, _(commit_utf8_warn));
-
 	if (r->compat_hash_algo) {
 		hash_object_file(r->compat_hash_algo, compat_buffer.buf, compat_buffer.len,
 			OBJ_COMMIT, &compat_oid_buf);
diff --git a/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh b/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
index 1201c85ba6..aa9108da54 100755
--- a/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
@@ -462,4 +462,14 @@ test_expect_success 'custom `gpg.program`' '
 	git commit -S --allow-empty -m signed-commit
 '
 
+test_expect_success GPG 'commit verifies with non-UTF-8 commit message' '
+	printf "I hate\\376\\377UTF-8\\n" >message &&
+	echo unusual-message >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -F message 2>err &&
+	git verify-commit HEAD &&
+	grep "commit message did not conform to UTF-8" err >lines &&
+	test_line_count = 1 lines
+'
+
 test_done