Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 7/7] Suggest other commands instead of "git checkout"

From: Junio C Hamano <[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2018 15:04:23 +0900

Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy  <[email-masked]> writes:

> The assumption made is here
>
> - "git checkout" is a horrible monster that should only be touched
>   with a two-meter pole
>
> - there are other commands that can achieve the same thing

Thanks for clearly spelling out the assumptions.  It is good that
this step cames at the end, as the earlier 6 steps looked reasonable
to me.

Thanks.

>
> Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <[email-masked]>
> ---
>  Documentation/git-branch.txt           |  8 ++--
>  Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt |  2 +-
>  Documentation/git-format-patch.txt     |  2 +-
>  Documentation/git-merge-base.txt       |  2 +-
>  Documentation/git-rebase.txt           |  2 +-
>  Documentation/git-remote.txt           |  2 +-
>  Documentation/git-rerere.txt           | 10 ++---
>  Documentation/git-reset.txt            | 18 ++++-----
>  Documentation/git-revert.txt           |  2 +-
>  Documentation/git-stash.txt            |  6 +--
>  Documentation/gitattributes.txt        |  2 +-
>  Documentation/gitcli.txt               |  4 +-
>  Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt     | 18 ++++-----
>  Documentation/giteveryday.txt          | 24 ++++++------
>  Documentation/githooks.txt             |  5 ++-
>  Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt        |  2 +-
>  Documentation/gittutorial.txt          |  4 +-
>  Documentation/revisions.txt            |  2 +-
>  Documentation/user-manual.txt          | 54 +++++++++++++-------------
>  advice.c                               |  2 +-
>  sha1-name.c                            |  2 +-
>  wt-status.c                            |  2 +-
>  22 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 87 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
> index bf5316ffa9..1564df47d2 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
> @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname>
>  which points to the current `HEAD`, or <start-point> if given.
>  
>  Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
> -working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
> +working tree to it; use "git switch-branch <newbranch>" to switch to the
>  new branch.
>  
>  When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
> @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.
>  +
>  This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
>  Set the branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable to `false` if you
> -want `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if `--no-track`
> +want `git switch-branch` and `git branch` to always behave as if `--no-track`
>  were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
>  start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
>  
> @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Start development from a known tag::
>  $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
>  $ cd my2.6
>  $ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14   <1>
> -$ git checkout my2.6.14
> +$ git switch-branch my2.6.14
>  ------------
>  +
>  <1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with
> @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ NOTES
>  -----
>  
>  If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is
> -easier to use the git checkout command with its `-b` option to create
> +easier to use the "git switch-branch" command with its `-b` option to create
>  a branch and check it out with a single command.
>  
>  The options `--contains`, `--no-contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged`
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
> index d9de992585..38c2169d7a 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
> @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ but it is explicitly forbidden at the beginning of a branch name).
>  When run with `--branch` option in a repository, the input is first
>  expanded for the ``previous checkout syntax''
>  `@{-n}`.  For example, `@{-1}` is a way to refer the last thing that
> -was checked out using "git checkout" operation. This option should be
> +was checked out using "git switch-branch" operation. This option should be
>  used by porcelains to accept this syntax anywhere a branch name is
>  expected, so they can act as if you typed the branch name. As an
>  exception note that, the ``previous checkout operation'' might result
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
> index aba4c5febe..0ceaa1173c 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
> @@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ One way to test if your MUA is set up correctly is:
>  * Apply it:
>  
>      $ git fetch <project> master:test-apply
> -    $ git checkout test-apply
> +    $ git switch-branch test-apply
>      $ git reset --hard
>      $ git am a.patch
>  
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
> index 9f07f4f6ed..1b25e5d530 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
> @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ instead.
>  Discussion on fork-point mode
>  -----------------------------
>  
> -After working on the `topic` branch created with `git checkout -b
> +After working on the `topic` branch created with `git switch-branch -b
>  topic origin/master`, the history of remote-tracking branch
>  `origin/master` may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a
>  history of this shape:
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
> index 80793bad8d..fe10880633 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
> @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
>  DESCRIPTION
>  -----------
>  If <branch> is specified, 'git rebase' will perform an automatic
> -`git checkout <branch>` before doing anything else.  Otherwise
> +`git switch-branch <branch>` before doing anything else.  Otherwise
>  it remains on the current branch.
>  
>  If <upstream> is not specified, the upstream configured in
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
> index 0cad37fb81..044bbdb27c 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
> @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ $ git branch -r
>    staging/master
>    staging/staging-linus
>    staging/staging-next
> -$ git checkout -b staging staging/master
> +$ git switch-branch -b staging staging/master
>  ...
>  ------------
>  
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-rerere.txt b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
> index df310d2a58..fe9d21b395 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
> @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ For such a test, you need to merge master and topic somehow.
>  One way to do it is to pull master into the topic branch:
>  
>  ------------
> -	$ git checkout topic
> +	$ git switch-branch topic
>  	$ git merge master
>  
>                o---*---o---+ topic
> @@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `+`,
>  in which case the final commit graph would look like this:
>  
>  ------------
> -	$ git checkout topic
> +	$ git switch-branch topic
>  	$ git merge master
>  	$ ... work on both topic and master branches
> -	$ git checkout master
> +	$ git switch-branch master
>  	$ git merge topic
>  
>                o---*---o---+---o---o topic
> @@ -136,11 +136,11 @@ merges, you could blow away the test merge, and keep building on
>  top of the tip before the test merge:
>  
>  ------------
> -	$ git checkout topic
> +	$ git switch-branch topic
>  	$ git merge master
>  	$ git reset --hard HEAD^ ;# rewind the test merge
>  	$ ... work on both topic and master branches
> -	$ git checkout master
> +	$ git switch-branch master
>  	$ git merge topic
>  
>                o---*---o-------o---o topic
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
> index 2dac95c71a..ca46b4c967 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
> @@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
>  Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
>  +
>  ------------
> -$ git branch topic/wip     <1>
> -$ git reset --hard HEAD~3  <2>
> -$ git checkout topic/wip   <3>
> +$ git branch topic/wip          <1>
> +$ git reset --hard HEAD~3       <2>
> +$ git switch-branch topic/wip   <3>
>  ------------
>  +
>  <1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
> @@ -232,13 +232,13 @@ working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
>  need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.
>  +
>  ------------
> -$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
> +$ git switch-branch feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
>  $ work work work       ;# got interrupted
>  $ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP"                 <1>
> -$ git checkout master
> +$ git switch-branch master
>  $ fix fix fix
>  $ git commit ;# commit with real log
> -$ git checkout feature
> +$ git switch-branch feature
>  $ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state  <2>
>  $ git reset                                       <3>
>  ------------
> @@ -279,18 +279,18 @@ reset it while keeping the changes in your working tree.
>  +
>  ------------
>  $ git tag start
> -$ git checkout -b branch1
> +$ git switch-branch -b branch1
>  $ edit
>  $ git commit ...                            <1>
>  $ edit
> -$ git checkout -b branch2                   <2>
> +$ git switch-branch -b branch2              <2>
>  $ git reset --keep start                    <3>
>  ------------
>  +
>  <1> This commits your first edits in branch1.
>  <2> In the ideal world, you could have realized that the earlier
>      commit did not belong to the new topic when you created and switched
> -    to branch2 (i.e. "git checkout -b branch2 start"), but nobody is
> +    to branch2 (i.e. "git switch-branch -b branch2 start"), but nobody is
>      perfect.
>  <3> But you can use "reset --keep" to remove the unwanted commit after
>      you switched to "branch2".
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
> index 837707a8fd..e49dbbec83 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-revert.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
> @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ effect of some earlier commits (often only a faulty one).  If you want to
>  throw away all uncommitted changes in your working directory, you
>  should see linkgit:git-reset[1], particularly the `--hard` option.  If
>  you want to extract specific files as they were in another commit, you
> -should see linkgit:git-checkout[1], specifically the `git checkout
> +should see linkgit:git-checkout[1], specifically the `git checkout-files
>  <commit> -- <filename>` syntax.  Take care with these alternatives as
>  both will discard uncommitted changes in your working directory.
>  
> diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
> index 7ef8c47911..ea226979b1 100644
> --- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
> @@ -235,12 +235,12 @@ return to your original branch to make the emergency fix, like this:
>  +
>  ----------------------------------------------------------------
>  # ... hack hack hack ...
> -$ git checkout -b my_wip
> +$ git switch-branch -b my_wip
>  $ git commit -a -m "WIP"
> -$ git checkout master
> +$ git switch-branch master
>  $ edit emergency fix
>  $ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry"
> -$ git checkout my_wip
> +$ git switch-branch my_wip
>  $ git reset --soft HEAD^
>  # ... continue hacking ...
>  ----------------------------------------------------------------
> diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
> index b8392fc330..df62bd8019 100644
> --- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
> @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Checking-out and checking-in
>  
>  These attributes affect how the contents stored in the
>  repository are copied to the working tree files when commands
> -such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run.  They also affect how
> +such as 'git switch-branch' and 'git merge' run.  They also affect how
>  Git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
>  repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'.
>  
> diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
> index 592e06d839..0ad4869f2c 100644
> --- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
> @@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ disambiguating `--` at appropriate places.
>     things:
>  +
>  --------------------------------
> -$ git checkout -- *.c
> -$ git checkout -- \*.c
> +$ git checkout-files -- *.c
> +$ git checkout-files -- \*.c
>  --------------------------------
>  +
>  The former lets your shell expand the fileglob, and you are asking
> diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
> index e29a9effcc..49a8b5aa52 100644
> --- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
> @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ used earlier, and create a branch in it. You do that by simply just
>  saying that you want to check out a new branch:
>  
>  ------------
> -$ git checkout -b mybranch
> +$ git branch mybranch
>  ------------
>  
>  will create a new branch based at the current `HEAD` position, and switch
> @@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ just telling 'git checkout' what the base of the checkout would be.
>  In other words, if you have an earlier tag or branch, you'd just do
>  
>  ------------
> -$ git checkout -b mybranch earlier-commit
> +$ git switch-branch -b mybranch earlier-commit
>  ------------
>  
>  and it would create the new branch `mybranch` at the earlier commit,
> @@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ and check out the state at that time.
>  You can always just jump back to your original `master` branch by doing
>  
>  ------------
> -$ git checkout master
> +$ git switch-branch master
>  ------------
>  
>  (or any other branch-name, for that matter) and if you forget which
> @@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ $ git branch <branchname> [startingpoint]
>  
>  which will simply _create_ the branch, but will not do anything further.
>  You can then later -- once you decide that you want to actually develop
> -on that branch -- switch to that branch with a regular 'git checkout'
> +on that branch -- switch to that branch with a regular 'git switch-branch
>  with the branchname as the argument.
>  
>  
> @@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ being the same as the original `master` branch, let's make sure we're in
>  that branch, and do some work there.
>  
>  ------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout mybranch
> +$ git switch-branch mybranch
>  $ echo "Work, work, work" >>hello
>  $ git commit -m "Some work." -i hello
>  ------------------------------------------------
> @@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ does some work in the original branch, and simulate that by going back
>  to the master branch, and editing the same file differently there:
>  
>  ------------
> -$ git checkout master
> +$ git switch-branch master
>  ------------
>  
>  Here, take a moment to look at the contents of `hello`, and notice how they
> @@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ to the `master` branch. Let's go back to `mybranch`, and run
>  'git merge' to get the "upstream changes" back to your branch.
>  
>  ------------
> -$ git checkout mybranch
> +$ git switch-branch mybranch
>  $ git merge -m "Merge upstream changes." master
>  ------------
>  
> @@ -1133,9 +1133,9 @@ Remember, before running 'git merge', our `master` head was at
>  work." commit.
>  
>  ------------
> -$ git checkout mybranch
> +$ git switch-branch mybranch
>  $ git reset --hard master^2
> -$ git checkout master
> +$ git switch-branch master
>  $ git reset --hard master^
>  ------------
>  
> diff --git a/Documentation/giteveryday.txt b/Documentation/giteveryday.txt
> index 9f2528fc8c..861b2bb616 100644
> --- a/Documentation/giteveryday.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/giteveryday.txt
> @@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ $ git tag v2.43 <2>
>  Create a topic branch and develop.::
>  +
>  ------------
> -$ git checkout -b alsa-audio <1>
> +$ git branch alsa-audio <1>
>  $ edit/compile/test
> -$ git checkout -- curses/ux_audio_oss.c <2>
> +$ git checkout-files -- curses/ux_audio_oss.c <2>
>  $ git add curses/ux_audio_alsa.c <3>
>  $ edit/compile/test
>  $ git diff HEAD <4>
> @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ $ git commit -a -s <5>
>  $ edit/compile/test
>  $ git diff HEAD^ <6>
>  $ git commit -a --amend <7>
> -$ git checkout master <8>
> +$ git switch-branch master <8>
>  $ git merge alsa-audio <9>
>  $ git log --since='3 days ago' <10>
>  $ git log v2.43.. curses/ <11>
> @@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ Clone the upstream and work on it.  Feed changes to upstream.::
>  ------------
>  $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6
>  $ cd my2.6
> -$ git checkout -b mine master <1>
> +$ git switch-branch -b mine master <1>
>  $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <2>
>  $ git format-patch master <3>
>  $ git send-email --to="person <[email-masked]>" 00*.patch <4>
> -$ git checkout master <5>
> +$ git switch-branch master <5>
>  $ git pull <6>
>  $ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <7>
>  $ git ls-remote --heads http://git.kernel.org/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git <8>
> @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit
>  satellite$ git push origin <4>
>  
>  mothership$ cd frotz
> -mothership$ git checkout master
> +mothership$ git switch-branch master
>  mothership$ git merge satellite/master <5>
>  ------------
>  +
> @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ machine into the master branch.
>  Branch off of a specific tag.::
>  +
>  ------------
> -$ git checkout -b private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
> +$ git switch-branch -b private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
>  $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a
>  $ git checkout master
>  $ git cherry-pick v2.6.14..private2.6.14 <2>
> @@ -274,14 +274,14 @@ $ mailx <3>
>  & s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply
>  & s 7 8 ./+hold-linus
>  & q
> -$ git checkout -b topic/one master
> +$ git switch-branch -b topic/one master
>  $ git am -3 -i -s ./+to-apply <4>
>  $ compile/test
> -$ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s ./+hold-linus <5>
> -$ git checkout topic/one && git rebase master <6>
> -$ git checkout pu && git reset --hard next <7>
> +$ git switch-branch -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s ./+hold-linus <5>
> +$ git switch-branch topic/one && git rebase master <6>
> +$ git switch-branch pu && git reset --hard next <7>
>  $ git merge topic/one topic/two && git merge hold/linus <8>
> -$ git checkout maint
> +$ git switch-branch maint
>  $ git cherry-pick master~4 <9>
>  $ compile/test
>  $ git tag -s -m "GIT 0.99.9x" v0.99.9x <10>
> diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
> index 959044347e..3939ec774a 100644
> --- a/Documentation/githooks.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
> @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ worktree.  The hook is given three parameters: the ref of the previous HEAD,
>  the ref of the new HEAD (which may or may not have changed), and a flag
>  indicating whether the checkout was a branch checkout (changing branches,
>  flag=1) or a file checkout (retrieving a file from the index, flag=0).
> -This hook cannot affect the outcome of `git checkout`.
> +This hook cannot affect the outcome of `git switch-branch` or `git checkout`.
>  
>  It is also run after linkgit:git-clone[1], unless the `--no-checkout` (`-n`) option is
>  used. The first parameter given to the hook is the null-ref, the second the
> @@ -402,7 +402,8 @@ exit with a zero status.
>  For example, the hook can simply run `git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1"`
>  in order to emulate `git fetch` that is run in the reverse direction
>  with `git push`, as the two-tree form of `git read-tree -u -m` is
> -essentially the same as `git checkout` that switches branches while
> +essentially the same as `git switch-branch` or `git checkout`
> +that switches branches while
>  keeping the local changes in the working tree that do not interfere
>  with the difference between the branches.
>  
> diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
> index e0976f6017..125213d951 100644
> --- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
> @@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ Changes to be committed:
>  
>  Changes not staged for commit:
>    (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
> -  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
> +  (use "git checkout-files -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
>  
>  	modified:   file.txt
>  
> diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
> index 242de31cb6..396e55c191 100644
> --- a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
> @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ automatically.  The asterisk marks the branch you are currently on;
>  type
>  
>  ------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout experimental
> +$ git switch-branch experimental
>  ------------------------------------------------
>  
>  to switch to the experimental branch.  Now edit a file, commit the
> @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ change, and switch back to the master branch:
>  ------------------------------------------------
>  (edit file)
>  $ git commit -a
> -$ git checkout master
> +$ git switch-branch master
>  ------------------------------------------------
>  
>  Check that the change you made is no longer visible, since it was
> diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt
> index 72daa20e76..f55502cd50 100644
> --- a/Documentation/revisions.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt
> @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Here's an example to make it more clear:
>  ------------------------------
>  $ git config push.default current
>  $ git config remote.pushdefault myfork
> -$ git checkout -b mybranch origin/master
> +$ git switch-branch -b mybranch origin/master
>  
>  $ git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name @{upstream}
>  refs/remotes/origin/master
> diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
> index eff7890274..56397e93d4 100644
> --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
> @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Create a new branch head pointing to one of these versions and check it
>  out using linkgit:git-checkout[1]:
>  
>  ------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout -b new v2.6.13
> +$ git switch-branch -b new v2.6.13
>  ------------------------------------------------
>  
>  The working directory then reflects the contents that the project had
> @@ -282,10 +282,10 @@ a summary of the commands:
>  	this command will fail with a warning.
>  `git branch -D <branch>`::
>  	delete the branch `<branch>` irrespective of its merged status.
> -`git checkout <branch>`::
> +`git switch-branch <branch>`::
>  	make the current branch `<branch>`, updating the working
>  	directory to reflect the version referenced by `<branch>`.
> -`git checkout -b <new> <start-point>`::
> +`git switch-branch -b <new> <start-point>`::
>  	create a new branch `<new>` referencing `<start-point>`, and
>  	check it out.
>  
> @@ -302,12 +302,12 @@ ref: refs/heads/master
>  Examining an old version without creating a new branch
>  ------------------------------------------------------
>  
> -The `git checkout` command normally expects a branch head, but will also
> +The `git switch-branch` command normally expects a branch head, but will also
>  accept an arbitrary commit; for example, you can check out the commit
>  referenced by a tag:
>  
>  ------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout v2.6.17
> +$ git switch-branch v2.6.17
>  Note: checking out 'v2.6.17'.
>  
>  You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
> @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
>  If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
>  do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
>  
> -  git checkout -b new_branch_name
> +  git switch-branch -b new_branch_name
>  
>  HEAD is now at 427abfa Linux v2.6.17
>  ------------------------------------------------
> @@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ You might want to build on one of these remote-tracking branches
>  on a branch of your own, just as you would for a tag:
>  
>  ------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
> +$ git switch-branch -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
>  ------------------------------------------------
>  
>  You can also check out `origin/todo` directly to examine it or
> @@ -1523,12 +1523,12 @@ Checking out an old version of a file
>  
>  In the process of undoing a previous bad change, you may find it
>  useful to check out an older version of a particular file using
> -linkgit:git-checkout[1].  We've used `git checkout` before to switch
> +linkgit:git-checkout[1].  We've used `git switch-branch` before to switch
>  branches, but it has quite different behavior if it is given a path
>  name: the command
>  
>  -------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout HEAD^ path/to/file
> +$ git checkout-files HEAD^ path/to/file
>  -------------------------------------------------
>  
>  replaces path/to/file by the contents it had in the commit HEAD^, and
> @@ -2211,8 +2211,8 @@ $ git branch --track release origin/master
>  These can be easily kept up to date using linkgit:git-pull[1].
>  
>  -------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout test && git pull
> -$ git checkout release && git pull
> +$ git switch-branch test && git pull
> +$ git switch-branch release && git pull
>  -------------------------------------------------
>  
>  Important note!  If you have any local changes in these branches, then
> @@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ tested changes
>  2) help future bug hunters that use `git bisect` to find problems
>  
>  -------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks v2.6.35
> +$ git switch-branch -b speed-up-spinlocks v2.6.35
>  -------------------------------------------------
>  
>  Now you apply the patch(es), run some tests, and commit the change(s).  If
> @@ -2279,7 +2279,7 @@ When you are happy with the state of this change, you can merge it into the
>  "test" branch in preparation to make it public:
>  
>  -------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout test && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
> +$ git switch-branch test && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
>  -------------------------------------------------
>  
>  It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you
> @@ -2291,7 +2291,7 @@ see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch.  It
>  means that the patches can be moved into the `release` tree in any order.
>  
>  -------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout release && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
> +$ git switch-branch release && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
>  -------------------------------------------------
>  
>  After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the
> @@ -2358,7 +2358,7 @@ Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.
>  
>  case "$1" in
>  test|release)
> -	git checkout $1 && git pull . origin
> +	git switch-branch $1 && git pull . origin
>  	;;
>  origin)
>  	before=$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master)
> @@ -2400,7 +2400,7 @@ test|release)
>  		echo $1 already merged into $2 1>&2
>  		exit 1
>  	fi
> -	git checkout $2 && git pull . $1
> +	git switch-branch $2 && git pull . $1
>  	;;
>  *)
>  	usage
> @@ -2512,7 +2512,7 @@ Suppose that you create a branch `mywork` on a remote-tracking branch
>  `origin`, and create some commits on top of it:
>  
>  -------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout -b mywork origin
> +$ git switch-branch -b mywork origin
>  $ vi file.txt
>  $ git commit
>  $ vi otherfile.txt
> @@ -2552,7 +2552,7 @@ commits without any merges, you may instead choose to use
>  linkgit:git-rebase[1]:
>  
>  -------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout mywork
> +$ git switch-branch mywork
>  $ git rebase origin
>  -------------------------------------------------
>  
> @@ -3668,13 +3668,13 @@ change within the submodule, and then update the superproject to reference the
>  new commit:
>  
>  -------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout master
> +$ git switch-branch master
>  -------------------------------------------------
>  
>  or
>  
>  -------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout -b fix-up
> +$ git switch-branch -b fix-up
>  -------------------------------------------------
>  
>  then
> @@ -4194,7 +4194,7 @@ start.
>  A good place to start is with the contents of the initial commit, with:
>  
>  ----------------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout e83c5163
> +$ git switch-branch e83c5163
>  ----------------------------------------------------
>  
>  The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything Git has
> @@ -4437,10 +4437,10 @@ Managing branches
>  -----------------
>  
>  -----------------------------------------------
> -$ git branch	     # list all local branches in this repo
> -$ git checkout test  # switch working directory to branch "test"
> -$ git branch new     # create branch "new" starting at current HEAD
> -$ git branch -d new  # delete branch "new"
> +$ git branch			# list all local branches in this repo
> +$ git switch-branch test	# switch working directory to branch "test"
> +$ git branch new		# create branch "new" starting at current HEAD
> +$ git branch -d new		# delete branch "new"
>  -----------------------------------------------
>  
>  Instead of basing a new branch on current HEAD (the default), use:
> @@ -4456,7 +4456,7 @@ $ git branch new test~10 # ten commits before tip of branch "test"
>  Create and switch to a new branch at the same time:
>  
>  -----------------------------------------------
> -$ git checkout -b new v2.6.15
> +$ git switch-branch -b new v2.6.15
>  -----------------------------------------------
>  
>  Update and examine branches from the repository you cloned from:
> @@ -4467,7 +4467,7 @@ $ git branch -r		# list
>    origin/master
>    origin/next
>    ...
> -$ git checkout -b masterwork origin/master
> +$ git switch-branch -b masterwork origin/master
>  -----------------------------------------------
>  
>  Fetch a branch from a different repository, and give it a new
> diff --git a/advice.c b/advice.c
> index 5f35656409..1befdb2163 100644
> --- a/advice.c
> +++ b/advice.c
> @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ void detach_advice(const char *new_name)
>  	"state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.\n\n"
>  	"If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may\n"
>  	"do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:\n\n"
> -	"  git checkout -b <new-branch-name>\n\n");
> +	"  git branch <new-branch-name>\n\n");
>  
>  	fprintf(stderr, fmt, new_name);
>  }
> diff --git a/sha1-name.c b/sha1-name.c
> index faa60f69e3..4e4e14a45c 100644
> --- a/sha1-name.c
> +++ b/sha1-name.c
> @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ static int get_oid_basic(const char *str, int len, struct object_id *oid,
>  	"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
>  	"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
>  	"\n"
> -	"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
> +	"  git switch-branch -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
>  	"\n"
>  	"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
>  	"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
> diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
> index a24711374c..6266683926 100644
> --- a/wt-status.c
> +++ b/wt-status.c
> @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ static void wt_longstatus_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
>  		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"));
>  	else
>  		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"));
> -	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"));
> +	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git checkout-files <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"));
>  	if (has_dirty_submodules)
>  		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"));
>  	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");