Subject: [PATCH v3 05/12] arm64: Basic Branch Target Identification support

From: Dave Martin <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2019 18:25:38 +0100

This patch adds the bare minimum required to expose the ARMv8.5
Branch Target Identification feature to userspace.

By itself, this does _not_ automatically enable BTI for any initial
executable pages mapped by execve().  This will come later, but for
now it should be possible to enable BTI manually on those pages by
using mprotect() from within the target process.

Other arches already using the generic mman.h are already using
0x10 for arch-specific prot flags, so we use that for PROT_BTI
here.

For consistency, signal handler entry points in BTI guarded pages
are required to be annotated as such, just like any other function.
This blocks a relatively minor attack vector, but comforming
userspace will have the annotations anyway, so we may as well
enforce them.

Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <[email-masked]>

---

**NOTE**

Currently the generic code does not validate user-supplied prot bits
via arch_validate_prot() except for mprotect():  mmap() doesn't
validate them.

This appears harmless and has been the case ever since the validation
helper was originally introduced in v2.6.27, but it is probably a bug
and could use some attention.

**NOTE**

The new Kconfig dependency on CONFIG_ARM64_PTR_AUTH needs further
discussion.

Two conforming hardware implementations containing BTI could
nonetheless have incompatible Pointer auth implementations, meaning
that we expose BTI to userspace but not Pointer auth.

That's stupid hardware design, but the architecture doesn't forbid it
today.  We _could_ detect this and hide BTI from userspace too, but if
a big.LITTLE system contains Pointer auth implementations with
mismatched IMP DEF algorithms, we lose -- we have no direct way to
detect that.

Since BTI still provides some limited value without Pointer auth,
disabling it unnecessarily might be regarded as too heavy-handed.

---

Changes since v2:

 * Fix Kconfig typo that claimed that Pointer authentication is part of
   ARMv8.2.  It's v8.3.

 * Incorporate PSR_BTYPE_* definitions that were previously delayed
   until "arm64: BTI: Decode BYTPE bits when printing PSTATE" for no
   reason.

 * In the interest of making the code easier to follow, rename the arch
   prot bits handling helpers in arch/arm64/asm/mman.h to have the same
   names used at the their generic callsites, rather than hiding them
   behind #defines.  x86 and powerpc already do the same (but not
   sparc).

 * Add Kconfig dependency on CONFIG_ARM64_PTR_AUTH

   During test hacking, I observed that there are situations where
   userspace should be entitled to assume that Pointer auth is present
   if BTI is present.

   Although the kernel BTI support doesn't require any aspect of
   Pointer authentication, there are architectural dependencies:

    * ARMv8.5 requires BTI to be implemented. [1]
    * BTI requires ARMv8.4-A to be implemented. [1], [2]
    * ARMv8.4 requires ARMv8.3 to be implemented. [3]
    * ARMv8.3 requires Pointer authentication to be implemented. [4]

   i.e., an implementation that supports BTI but not Pointer auth is
   broken.

   BTI is also designed to be complementary to Pointer authentication:
   without Pointer auth, BTI would offer no protection for function
   returns, seriously undermining the value of the feature.

   See ARM ARM for ARMv8-A (ARM DDI 0487E.a) Sections:

   [1] A2.8.1, "Architectural features added by ARMv8.5"

   [2] A2.2.1, "Permitted implementation of subsets of ARMv8.x and
       ARMv8.(x+1) architectural features"

   [3] A2.6.1, "Architectural features added by Armv8.3"

   [4] A2.6, "The Armv8.3 architecture extension"

 * Add a comment explaining the purpose of setting PSTATE.BTYPE in
   setup_return() during signal delivery.

   If the registered SIGILL handler itself points to BTI-noncompliant
   entry point in a PROT_BTI page, and was registered with SA_NODEFER,
   then we will take another SIGILL immediately on entry to userspace,
   leading to a temporary livelock until enough signal frames have
   been pushed to exhaust the user stack and trigger a SIGSEGV.

   This is too bad; a similar situation already exists if a SIGSEGV
   handler registered with SA_NODEFER itself triggers a SIGSEGV.

   Because of the way signals are prioritised in dequeue_signal(),
   it's possible that the task may temporarily fail to respond to
   SIGKILL or SIGSTOP while in such a spin.  This is not really a
   new issue caused by BTI, due to the existing SIGSEGV case.

   For SIGKILL, I think this prioritisation problem is resolved
   directly on the send_signal() side, but I'm not so sure about
   SIGSTOP -- investigation is probably needed, but in any case this
   issue seems orthogonal to this series.
---
 Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst |  2 ++
 Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst            |  4 +++
 arch/arm64/Kconfig                            | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h              |  3 ++-
 arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h           |  6 +++++
 arch/arm64/include/asm/esr.h                  |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/include/asm/hwcap.h                |  1 +
 arch/arm64/include/asm/mman.h                 | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-hwdef.h        |  1 +
 arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h              |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h               |  8 ++++++
 arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h               |  4 +++
 arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h           |  1 +
 arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/mman.h            |  9 +++++++
 arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h          |  1 +
 arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c                | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/arm64/kernel/cpuinfo.c                   |  1 +
 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S                     | 11 ++++++++
 arch/arm64/kernel/ptrace.c                    |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c                    | 16 ++++++++++++
 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c                   | 18 +++++++++++++
 arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c                     |  7 +++++
 include/linux/mm.h                            |  3 +++
 23 files changed, 196 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/arm64/include/asm/mman.h
 create mode 100644 arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/mman.h

diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst b/Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst
index b86828f..c96c7df 100644
--- a/Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst
+++ b/Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst
@@ -174,6 +174,8 @@ infrastructure:
      +------------------------------+---------+---------+
      | SSBS                         | [7-4]   |    y    |
      +------------------------------+---------+---------+
+     | BT                           | [3-0]   |    y    |
+     +------------------------------+---------+---------+

   4) MIDR_EL1 - Main ID Register
diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst b/Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst
index 91f7952..296dcac 100644
--- a/Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst
+++ b/Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst
@@ -201,6 +201,10 @@ HWCAP2_FRINT
 
     Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1.FRINTTS == 0b0001.
 
+HWCAP2_BTI
+
+    Functionality implied by ID_AA64PFR0_EL1.BT == 0b0001.
+
 
 4. Unused AT_HWCAP bits
 -----------------------
diff --git a/arch/arm64/Kconfig b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
index 41a9b42..bb3189e 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
@@ -1410,6 +1410,34 @@ config ARM64_PTR_AUTH
 
 endmenu
 
+menu "ARMv8.5 architectural features"
+
+config ARM64_BTI
+	bool "Branch Target Identification support"
+	default y
+	depends on ARM64_PTR_AUTH
+	help
+	  Branch Target Identification (part of the ARMv8.5 Extensions)
+	  provides a mechanism to limit the set of locations to which computed
+	  branch instructions such as BR or BLR can jump.
+
+	  To make use of BTI on CPUs that support it, say Y.
+
+	  BTI is intended to provide complementary protection to other control
+	  flow integrity protection mechanisms, such as the Pointer
+	  authentication mechanism provided as part of the ARMv8.3 Extensions.
+	  For this reason, it does not make sense to enable this option without
+	  also enabling support for Pointer authentication.
+
+	  Thus, to enable this option you also need to select ARM64_PTR_AUTH=y.
+
+	  Userspace binaries must also be specifically compiled to make use of
+	  this mechanism.  If you say N here or the hardware does not support
+	  BTI, such binaries can still run, but you get no additional
+	  enforcement of branch destinations.
+
+endmenu
+
 config ARM64_SVE
 	bool "ARM Scalable Vector Extension support"
 	default y
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h
index f19fe4b..946165e 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@
 #define ARM64_HAS_IRQ_PRIO_MASKING		42
 #define ARM64_HAS_DCPODP			43
 #define ARM64_WORKAROUND_1463225		44
+#define ARM64_BTI				45
 
-#define ARM64_NCAPS				45
+#define ARM64_NCAPS				46
 
 #endif /* __ASM_CPUCAPS_H */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h
index 9cde5d2..84fa48f 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h
@@ -613,6 +613,12 @@ static inline bool system_has_prio_mask_debugging(void)
 	       system_uses_irq_prio_masking();
 }
 
+static inline bool system_supports_bti(void)
+{
+	return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_BTI) &&
+		cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_BTI);
+}
+
 #define ARM64_BP_HARDEN_UNKNOWN		-1
 #define ARM64_BP_HARDEN_WA_NEEDED	0
 #define ARM64_BP_HARDEN_NOT_REQUIRED	1
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/esr.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/esr.h
index cb29253..390b8ba 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/esr.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/esr.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #define ESR_ELx_EC_PAC		(0x09)	/* EL2 and above */
 /* Unallocated EC: 0x0A - 0x0B */
 #define ESR_ELx_EC_CP14_64	(0x0C)
-/* Unallocated EC: 0x0d */
+#define ESR_ELx_EC_BTI		(0x0D)
 #define ESR_ELx_EC_ILL		(0x0E)
 /* Unallocated EC: 0x0F - 0x10 */
 #define ESR_ELx_EC_SVC32	(0x11)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/hwcap.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/hwcap.h
index 3d2f247..f9e681d 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/hwcap.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/hwcap.h
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
 #define KERNEL_HWCAP_SVESM4		__khwcap2_feature(SVESM4)
 #define KERNEL_HWCAP_FLAGM2		__khwcap2_feature(FLAGM2)
 #define KERNEL_HWCAP_FRINT		__khwcap2_feature(FRINT)
+#define KERNEL_HWCAP_BTI		__khwcap2_feature(BTI)
 
 /*
  * This yields a mask that user programs can use to figure out what
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/mman.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mman.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..081ec8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mman.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef __ASM_MMAN_H__
+#define __ASM_MMAN_H__
+
+#include <linux/compiler.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <uapi/asm/mman.h>
+
+static inline unsigned long arch_calc_vm_prot_bits(unsigned long prot,
+	unsigned long pkey __always_unused)
+{
+	if (system_supports_bti() && (prot & PROT_BTI))
+		return VM_ARM64_BTI;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#define arch_calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, pkey) arch_calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, pkey)
+
+static inline pgprot_t arch_vm_get_page_prot(unsigned long vm_flags)
+{
+	return (vm_flags & VM_ARM64_BTI) ? __pgprot(PTE_GP) : __pgprot(0);
+}
+#define arch_vm_get_page_prot(vm_flags) arch_vm_get_page_prot(vm_flags)
+
+static inline bool arch_validate_prot(unsigned long prot,
+	unsigned long addr __always_unused)
+{
+	unsigned long supported = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC | PROT_SEM;
+
+	if (system_supports_bti())
+		supported |= PROT_BTI;
+
+	return (prot & ~supported) == 0;
+}
+#define arch_validate_prot(prot, addr) arch_validate_prot(prot, addr)
+
+#endif /* ! __ASM_MMAN_H__ */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-hwdef.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-hwdef.h
index 3df60f9..f85d1fc 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-hwdef.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-hwdef.h
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@
 #define PTE_SHARED		(_AT(pteval_t, 3) << 8)		/* SH[1:0], inner shareable */
 #define PTE_AF			(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << 10)	/* Access Flag */
 #define PTE_NG			(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << 11)	/* nG */
+#define PTE_GP			(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << 50)	/* BTI guarded */
 #define PTE_DBM			(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << 51)	/* Dirty Bit Management */
 #define PTE_CONT		(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << 52)	/* Contiguous range */
 #define PTE_PXN			(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << 53)	/* Privileged XN */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
index 7576df0..a7b5a81 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ static inline phys_addr_t pgd_page_paddr(pgd_t pgd)
 static inline pte_t pte_modify(pte_t pte, pgprot_t newprot)
 {
 	const pteval_t mask = PTE_USER | PTE_PXN | PTE_UXN | PTE_RDONLY |
-			      PTE_PROT_NONE | PTE_VALID | PTE_WRITE;
+			      PTE_PROT_NONE | PTE_VALID | PTE_WRITE | PTE_GP;
 	/* preserve the hardware dirty information */
 	if (pte_hw_dirty(pte))
 		pte = pte_mkdirty(pte);
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h
index fbebb41..212bba1 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h
@@ -35,8 +35,16 @@
 #define GIC_PRIO_PSR_I_SET		(1 << 4)
 
 /* Additional SPSR bits not exposed in the UABI */
+#define PSR_BTYPE_SHIFT		10
+
 #define PSR_IL_BIT		(1 << 20)
 
+/* Convenience names for the values of PSTATE.BTYPE */
+#define PSR_BTYPE_NONE		(0b00 << PSR_BTYPE_SHIFT)
+#define PSR_BTYPE_JC		(0b01 << PSR_BTYPE_SHIFT)
+#define PSR_BTYPE_C		(0b10 << PSR_BTYPE_SHIFT)
+#define PSR_BTYPE_J		(0b11 << PSR_BTYPE_SHIFT)
+
 /* AArch32-specific ptrace requests */
 #define COMPAT_PTRACE_GETREGS		12
 #define COMPAT_PTRACE_SETREGS		13
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h
index 972d196..58a5e5e 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h
@@ -510,6 +510,8 @@
 #endif
 
 /* SCTLR_EL1 specific flags. */
+#define SCTLR_EL1_BT1		(BIT(36))
+#define SCTLR_EL1_BT0		(BIT(35))
 #define SCTLR_EL1_UCI		(BIT(26))
 #define SCTLR_EL1_E0E		(BIT(24))
 #define SCTLR_EL1_SPAN		(BIT(23))
@@ -599,10 +601,12 @@
 
 /* id_aa64pfr1 */
 #define ID_AA64PFR1_SSBS_SHIFT		4
+#define ID_AA64PFR1_BT_SHIFT		0
 
 #define ID_AA64PFR1_SSBS_PSTATE_NI	0
 #define ID_AA64PFR1_SSBS_PSTATE_ONLY	1
 #define ID_AA64PFR1_SSBS_PSTATE_INSNS	2
+#define ID_AA64PFR1_BT_BTI		0x1
 
 /* id_aa64zfr0 */
 #define ID_AA64ZFR0_SM4_SHIFT		40
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h b/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h
index a1e7288..363f569 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h
@@ -65,5 +65,6 @@
 #define HWCAP2_SVESM4		(1 << 6)
 #define HWCAP2_FLAGM2		(1 << 7)
 #define HWCAP2_FRINT		(1 << 8)
+#define HWCAP2_BTI		(1 << 9)
 
 #endif /* _UAPI__ASM_HWCAP_H */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/mman.h b/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/mman.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fdd71e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/mman.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI__ASM_MMAN_H
+#define _UAPI__ASM_MMAN_H
+
+#include <asm-generic/mman.h>
+
+#define PROT_BTI	0x10		/* BTI guarded page */
+
+#endif /* ! _UAPI__ASM_MMAN_H */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h
index 7ed9294..09e66fa 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #define PSR_I_BIT	0x00000080
 #define PSR_A_BIT	0x00000100
 #define PSR_D_BIT	0x00000200
+#define PSR_BTYPE_MASK	0x00000c00
 #define PSR_SSBS_BIT	0x00001000
 #define PSR_PAN_BIT	0x00400000
 #define PSR_UAO_BIT	0x00800000
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c
index 9323bcc..4bab6e7 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c
@@ -171,6 +171,8 @@ static const struct arm64_ftr_bits ftr_id_aa64pfr0[] = {
 
 static const struct arm64_ftr_bits ftr_id_aa64pfr1[] = {
 	ARM64_FTR_BITS(FTR_VISIBLE, FTR_STRICT, FTR_LOWER_SAFE, ID_AA64PFR1_SSBS_SHIFT, 4, ID_AA64PFR1_SSBS_PSTATE_NI),
+	ARM64_FTR_BITS(FTR_VISIBLE_IF_IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_BTI),
+				    FTR_STRICT, FTR_LOWER_SAFE, ID_AA64PFR1_BT_SHIFT, 4, 0),
 	ARM64_FTR_END,
 };
 
@@ -1260,6 +1262,21 @@ static bool can_use_gic_priorities(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *entry,
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_BTI
+static void bti_enable(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *__unused)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use of X16/X17 for tail-calls and trampolines that jump to
+	 * function entry points using BR is a requirement for
+	 * marking binaries with GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_BTI.
+	 * So, be strict and forbid other BRs using other registers to
+	 * jump onto a PACIxSP instruction:
+	 */
+	sysreg_clear_set(sctlr_el1, 0, SCTLR_EL1_BT0 | SCTLR_EL1_BT1);
+	isb();
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_ARM64_BTI */
+
 static const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities arm64_features[] = {
 	{
 		.desc = "GIC system register CPU interface",
@@ -1560,6 +1577,19 @@ static const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities arm64_features[] = {
 		.min_field_value = 1,
 	},
 #endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_BTI
+	{
+		.desc = "Branch Target Identification",
+		.capability = ARM64_BTI,
+		.type = ARM64_CPUCAP_SYSTEM_FEATURE,
+		.matches = has_cpuid_feature,
+		.cpu_enable = bti_enable,
+		.sys_reg = SYS_ID_AA64PFR1_EL1,
+		.field_pos = ID_AA64PFR1_BT_SHIFT,
+		.min_field_value = ID_AA64PFR1_BT_BTI,
+		.sign = FTR_UNSIGNED,
+	},
+#endif
 	{},
 };
 
@@ -1655,6 +1685,9 @@ static const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities arm64_elf_hwcaps[] = {
 	HWCAP_CAP(SYS_ID_AA64ZFR0_EL1, ID_AA64ZFR0_SM4_SHIFT, FTR_UNSIGNED, ID_AA64ZFR0_SM4, CAP_HWCAP, KERNEL_HWCAP_SVESM4),
 #endif
 	HWCAP_CAP(SYS_ID_AA64PFR1_EL1, ID_AA64PFR1_SSBS_SHIFT, FTR_UNSIGNED, ID_AA64PFR1_SSBS_PSTATE_INSNS, CAP_HWCAP, KERNEL_HWCAP_SSBS),
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_BTI
+	HWCAP_CAP(SYS_ID_AA64PFR1_EL1, ID_AA64PFR1_BT_SHIFT, FTR_UNSIGNED, ID_AA64PFR1_BT_BTI, CAP_HWCAP, KERNEL_HWCAP_BTI),
+#endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_PTR_AUTH
 	HWCAP_MULTI_CAP(ptr_auth_hwcap_addr_matches, CAP_HWCAP, KERNEL_HWCAP_PACA),
 	HWCAP_MULTI_CAP(ptr_auth_hwcap_gen_matches, CAP_HWCAP, KERNEL_HWCAP_PACG),
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpuinfo.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpuinfo.c
index 05933c0..e1fd053 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpuinfo.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpuinfo.c
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ static const char *const hwcap_str[] = {
 	"svesm4",
 	"flagm2",
 	"frint",
+	"bti",
 	NULL
 };
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S
index 84a8227..6c5adea 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S
@@ -737,6 +737,8 @@ el0_sync:
 	b.eq	el0_pc
 	cmp	x24, #ESR_ELx_EC_UNKNOWN	// unknown exception in EL0
 	b.eq	el0_undef
+	cmp	x24, #ESR_ELx_EC_BTI		// branch target exception
+	b.eq	el0_bti
 	cmp	x24, #ESR_ELx_EC_BREAKPT_LOW	// debug exception in EL0
 	b.ge	el0_dbg
 	b	el0_inv
@@ -887,6 +889,15 @@ el0_undef:
 	mov	x0, sp
 	bl	do_undefinstr
 	b	ret_to_user
+el0_bti:
+	/*
+	 * Branch target exception
+	 */
+	ct_user_exit_irqoff
+	enable_daif
+	mov	x0, sp
+	bl	do_bti
+	b	ret_to_user
 el0_sys:
 	/*
 	 * System instructions, for trapped cache maintenance instructions
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/ptrace.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/ptrace.c
index 21176d0..ff5ea70 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ void syscall_trace_exit(struct pt_regs *regs)
  */
 #define SPSR_EL1_AARCH64_RES0_BITS \
 	(GENMASK_ULL(63, 32) | GENMASK_ULL(27, 25) | GENMASK_ULL(23, 22) | \
-	 GENMASK_ULL(20, 13) | GENMASK_ULL(11, 10) | GENMASK_ULL(5, 5))
+	 GENMASK_ULL(20, 13) | GENMASK_ULL(5, 5))
 #define SPSR_EL1_AARCH32_RES0_BITS \
 	(GENMASK_ULL(63, 32) | GENMASK_ULL(22, 22) | GENMASK_ULL(20, 20))
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c
index dd2cdc0..b089eff 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c
@@ -730,6 +730,22 @@ static void setup_return(struct pt_regs *regs, struct k_sigaction *ka,
 	regs->regs[29] = (unsigned long)&user->next_frame->fp;
 	regs->pc = (unsigned long)ka->sa.sa_handler;
 
+	/*
+	 * Signal delivery is a (wacky) indirect function call in
+	 * userspace, so simulate the same setting of BTYPE as a BLR
+	 * <register containing the signal handler entry point>.
+	 * Signal delivery to a location in a PROT_BTI guarded page
+	 * that is not a function entry point will now trigger a
+	 * SIGILL in userspace.
+	 *
+	 * If the signal handler entry point is not in a PROT_BTI
+	 * guarded page, this is harmless.
+	 */
+	if (system_supports_bti()) {
+		regs->pstate &= ~PSR_BTYPE_MASK;
+		regs->pstate |= PSR_BTYPE_C;
+	}
+
 	if (ka->sa.sa_flags & SA_RESTORER)
 		sigtramp = ka->sa.sa_restorer;
 	else
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c
index 871c739..b6b8e48 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c
@@ -98,6 +98,24 @@ static void el0_svc_common(struct pt_regs *regs, int scno, int sc_nr,
 	regs->orig_x0 = regs->regs[0];
 	regs->syscallno = scno;
 
+	/*
+	 * BTI note:
+	 * The architecture does not guarantee that SPSR.BTYPE is zero
+	 * on taking an SVC, so we could return to userspace with a
+	 * non-zero BTYPE after the syscall.
+	 *
+	 * This shouldn't matter except when userspace is explicitly
+	 * doing something stupid, such as setting PROT_BTI on a page
+	 * that lacks conforming BTI/PACIxSP instructions, falling
+	 * through from one executable page to another with differing
+	 * PROT_BTI, or messing with BYTPE via ptrace: in such cases,
+	 * userspace should not be surprised if a SIGILL occurs on
+	 * syscall return.
+	 *
+	 * So, don't touch regs->pstate & PSR_BTYPE_MASK here.
+	 * (Similarly for HVC and SMC elsewhere.)
+	 */
+
 	cortex_a76_erratum_1463225_svc_handler();
 	local_daif_restore(DAIF_PROCCTX);
 	user_exit();
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c
index 34739e8..15e3c4f 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c
@@ -406,6 +406,12 @@ asmlinkage void __exception do_undefinstr(struct pt_regs *regs)
 	force_signal_inject(SIGILL, ILL_ILLOPC, regs->pc);
 }
 
+asmlinkage void __exception do_bti(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	BUG_ON(!user_mode(regs));
+	force_signal_inject(SIGILL, ILL_ILLOPC, regs->pc);
+}
+
 #define __user_cache_maint(insn, address, res)			\
 	if (address >= user_addr_max()) {			\
 		res = -EFAULT;					\
@@ -737,6 +743,7 @@ static const char *esr_class_str[] = {
 	[ESR_ELx_EC_CP10_ID]		= "CP10 MRC/VMRS",
 	[ESR_ELx_EC_PAC]		= "PAC",
 	[ESR_ELx_EC_CP14_64]		= "CP14 MCRR/MRRC",
+	[ESR_ELx_EC_BTI]		= "BTI",
 	[ESR_ELx_EC_ILL]		= "PSTATE.IL",
 	[ESR_ELx_EC_SVC32]		= "SVC (AArch32)",
 	[ESR_ELx_EC_HVC32]		= "HVC (AArch32)",
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index cc29227..5ed5a99 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -329,6 +329,9 @@ extern unsigned int kobjsize(const void *objp);
 #elif defined(CONFIG_SPARC64)
 # define VM_SPARC_ADI	VM_ARCH_1	/* Uses ADI tag for access control */
 # define VM_ARCH_CLEAR	VM_SPARC_ADI
+#elif defined(CONFIG_ARM64)
+# define VM_ARM64_BTI	VM_ARCH_1	/* BTI guarded page, a.k.a. GP bit */
+# define VM_ARCH_CLEAR	VM_ARM64_BTI
 #elif !defined(CONFIG_MMU)
 # define VM_MAPPED_COPY	VM_ARCH_1	/* T if mapped copy of data (nommu mmap) */
 #endif
-- 
2.1.4

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