Subject: [PATCH] USB: ehci: use packed, aligned(4) instead of removing the packed attribute

From: [email-masked] (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:23:49 +0200

On Monday 20 June 2011 22:55:59 Russell King - ARM Linux wrote:
> On Mon, Jun 20, 2011 at 10:26:37PM +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> > * We already need a compiler barrier in the non-_relaxed() versions of
> >   the I/O accessors, which will force a reload of the base address
> >   in a lot of cases, so the code is already suboptimal. Yes, we don't
> >   have the barrier today without CONFIG_ARM_DMA_MEM_BUFFERABLE, but that
> >   is a bug, because it lets the compiler move accesses to DMA buffers
> >   around readl/writel.
> 
> You're now being obtuse there.  You don't need compiler barriers to
> guarantee order - that's what volatile does there.
> 

A simple counterexample:

int f(volatile unsigned long *v)
{
        unsigned long a[2], ret;
        a[0] = 1;              /* initialize our DMA buffer */
        a[1] = 2;
        *v = (unsigned long)a; /* pass the address to the device, start DMA */
        ret = *v;              /* flush DMA by reading from mmio */
        return ret + a[1];     /* return accumulated status from readl and from modified
				  DMA buffer */
}

arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -Wall -O2 test.c -S

Without a barrier, the stores into the DMA buffer before the start are
lost, as is the load from the modified DMA buffer:

        sub     sp, sp, #8
        add     r3, sp, #0
        str     r3, [r0, #0]
        ldr     r0, [r0, #0]
        adds    r0, r0, #2
        add     sp, sp, #8
        bx      lr

Adding a memory clobber to the volatile dereference turns this into the
expected output:

        sub     sp, sp, #8
        movs    r3, #2
        movs    r2, #1
        stmia   sp, {r2, r3}
        add     r3, sp, #0
        str     r3, [r0, #0]
        ldr     r0, [r0, #0]
        ldr     r3, [sp, #4]
        adds    r0, r0, r3
        add     sp, sp, #8
        bx      lr

Now, the dma buffer is written before the volatile access, and read out
again afterwards.

	Arnd