Subject: [PATCH v4 22/56] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add MMIO handling framework

From: [email-masked] (Christoffer Dall)
Date: Wed, 18 May 2016 14:25:21 +0200

On Tue, May 17, 2016 at 02:33:36PM +0100, Marc Zyngier wrote:
> On 16/05/16 10:53, Andre Przywara wrote:
> > From: Marc Zyngier <[email-masked]>
> > 
> > Add an MMIO handling framework to the VGIC emulation:
> > Each register is described by its offset, size (or number of bits per
> > IRQ, if applicable) and the read/write handler functions. We provide
> > initialization macros to describe each GIC register later easily.
> > 
> > Separate dispatch functions for read and write accesses are connected
> > to the kvm_io_bus framework and binary-search for the responsible
> > register handler based on the offset address within the region.
> > We convert the incoming data (referenced by a pointer) to the host's
> > endianess and use pass-by-value to hand the data over to the actual
> > handler functions.
> > 
> > The register handler prototype and the endianess conversion are
> > courtesy of Christoffer Dall.
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <[email-masked]>
> > Signed-off-by: Christoffer Dall <[email-masked]>
> > Signed-off-by: Andre Przywara <[email-masked]>
> > ---
> > Changelog RFC..v1:
> > - rework MMIO dispatching to use only one kvm_io_bus device
> > - document purpose of register region macros
> > - rename "this" parameter to "dev"
> > - change IGROUPR to be RAO (returning 1 => Group1 IRQs)
> > 
> > Changelog v1 .. v2:
> > * MASSIVE rework:
> > - store register_region pointer in kvm_io_bus linked struct
> > - replace write_mask_xxx functions with extract_bytes() implementation
> > - change handler functions' prototypes to take and return unsigned long
> > - use binary search to find matching register handler
> > - convert endianess of input data in dispatch_mmio_xxx functions
> > - improve readability of register initializer macros
> > - remove any GICv2/GICv3 specific functions from vgic-mmio.c
> > - rename file from vgic_mmio.c to vgic-mmio.c
> > 
> > Changelog v2 .. v3:
> > - replace inclusion of vgic/vgic.h with arm_vgic.h
> > 
> > Changelog v3 .. v4:
> > - add IRQ number accessor macro
> > - check access width in dispatcher
> > - treat non-covered MMIO addresses as RAZ/WI
> > - remove extract_bytes() (re-introduced as static later in the series)
> > 
> >  include/kvm/vgic/vgic.h       |  13 +++
> >  virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.c | 184 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.h |  87 ++++++++++++++++++++
> >  3 files changed, 284 insertions(+)
> >  create mode 100644 virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.c
> >  create mode 100644 virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.h
> > 
> > diff --git a/include/kvm/vgic/vgic.h b/include/kvm/vgic/vgic.h
> > index f663288..ff3f9c2 100644
> > --- a/include/kvm/vgic/vgic.h
> > +++ b/include/kvm/vgic/vgic.h
> > @@ -106,6 +106,16 @@ struct vgic_irq {
> >  	enum vgic_irq_config config;	/* Level or edge */
> >  };
> >  
> > +struct vgic_register_region;
> > +
> > +struct vgic_io_device {
> > +	gpa_t base_addr;
> > +	struct kvm_vcpu *redist_vcpu;
> > +	const struct vgic_register_region *regions;
> > +	int nr_regions;
> > +	struct kvm_io_device dev;
> > +};
> > +
> >  struct vgic_dist {
> >  	bool			in_kernel;
> >  	bool			ready;
> > @@ -132,6 +142,9 @@ struct vgic_dist {
> >  	bool			enabled;
> >  
> >  	struct vgic_irq		*spis;
> > +
> > +	struct vgic_io_device	dist_iodev;
> > +	struct vgic_io_device	*redist_iodevs;
> >  };
> >  
> >  struct vgic_v2_cpu_if {
> > diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.c b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.c
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..012b82b
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.c
> > @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
> > +/*
> > + * VGIC MMIO handling functions
> > + *
> > + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> > + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
> > + * published by the Free Software Foundation.
> > + *
> > + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> > + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> > + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> > + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> > + */
> > +
> > +#include <linux/bitops.h>
> > +#include <linux/bsearch.h>
> > +#include <linux/kvm.h>
> > +#include <linux/kvm_host.h>
> > +#include <kvm/iodev.h>
> > +#include <kvm/arm_vgic.h>
> > +
> > +#include "vgic.h"
> > +#include "vgic-mmio.h"
> > +
> > +unsigned long vgic_mmio_read_raz(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> > +				 gpa_t addr, unsigned int len)
> > +{
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +unsigned long vgic_mmio_read_rao(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> > +				 gpa_t addr, unsigned int len)
> > +{
> > +	return -1UL;
> > +}
> > +
> > +void vgic_mmio_write_wi(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t addr,
> > +			unsigned int len, unsigned long val)
> > +{
> > +	/* Ignore */
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int match_region(const void *key, const void *elt)
> > +{
> > +	const unsigned int offset = (unsigned long)key;
> > +	const struct vgic_register_region *region = elt;
> > +
> > +	if (offset < region->reg_offset)
> > +		return -1;
> > +
> > +	if (offset >= region->reg_offset + region->len)
> > +		return 1;
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +/* Find the proper register handler entry given a certain address offset. */
> > +static const struct vgic_register_region *
> > +vgic_find_mmio_region(const struct vgic_register_region *region, int nr_regions,
> > +		      unsigned int offset)
> > +{
> > +	return bsearch((void *)(uintptr_t)offset, region, nr_regions,
> > +		       sizeof(region[0]), match_region);
> > +}
> > +
> > +/*
> > + * kvm_mmio_read_buf() returns a value in a format where it can be converted
> > + * to a byte array and be directly observed as the guest wanted it to appear
> > + * in memory if it had done the store itself, which is LE for the GIC, as the
> > + * guest knows the GIC is always LE.
> > + *
> > + * We convert this value to the CPUs native format to deal with it as a data
> > + * value.
> > + */
> > +unsigned long vgic_data_mmio_bus_to_host(const void *val, unsigned int len)
> > +{
> > +	unsigned long data = kvm_mmio_read_buf(val, len);
> > +
> > +	switch (len) {
> > +	case 1:
> > +		return data;
> > +	case 2:
> > +		return le16_to_cpu(data);
> > +	case 4:
> > +		return le32_to_cpu(data);
> > +	default:
> > +		return le64_to_cpu(data);
> > +	}
> > +}
> > +
> > +/*
> > + * kvm_mmio_write_buf() expects a value in a format such that if converted to
> > + * a byte array it is observed as the guest would see it if it could perform
> > + * the load directly.  Since the GIC is LE, and the guest knows this, the
> > + * guest expects a value in little endian format.
> > + *
> > + * We convert the data value from the CPUs native format to LE so that the
> > + * value is returned in the proper format.
> > + */
> > +void vgic_data_host_to_mmio_bus(void *buf, unsigned int len,
> > +				unsigned long data)
> > +{
> > +	switch (len) {
> > +	case 1:
> > +		break;
> > +	case 2:
> > +		data = cpu_to_le16(data);
> > +		break;
> > +	case 4:
> > +		data = cpu_to_le32(data);
> > +		break;
> > +	default:
> > +		data = cpu_to_le64(data);
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	kvm_mmio_write_buf(buf, len, data);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static
> > +struct vgic_io_device *kvm_to_vgic_iodev(const struct kvm_io_device *dev)
> > +{
> > +	return container_of(dev, struct vgic_io_device, dev);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static bool check_region(const struct vgic_register_region *region,
> > +			 gpa_t addr, int len)
> > +{
> > +	if ((region->access_flags & VGIC_ACCESS_8bit) && len == 1)
> > +		return true;
> > +	if ((region->access_flags & VGIC_ACCESS_32bit) &&
> > +	    len == sizeof(u32) && !(addr & 3))
> > +		return true;
> > +	if ((region->access_flags & VGIC_ACCESS_64bit) &&
> > +	    len == sizeof(u64) && !(addr & 7))
> > +		return true;
> > +
> > +	return false;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int dispatch_mmio_read(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_io_device *dev,
> > +			      gpa_t addr, int len, void *val)
> > +{
> > +	struct vgic_io_device *iodev = kvm_to_vgic_iodev(dev);
> > +	const struct vgic_register_region *region;
> > +	struct kvm_vcpu *r_vcpu;
> > +	unsigned long data;
> > +
> > +	region = vgic_find_mmio_region(iodev->regions, iodev->nr_regions,
> > +				       addr - iodev->base_addr);
> > +	if (!region || !check_region(region, addr, len)) {
> > +		memset(val, 0, len);
> > +		return 0;
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	r_vcpu = iodev->redist_vcpu ? iodev->redist_vcpu : vcpu;
> > +	data = region->read(r_vcpu, addr, len);
> > +	vgic_data_host_to_mmio_bus(val, len, data);
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int dispatch_mmio_write(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_io_device *dev,
> > +			       gpa_t addr, int len, const void *val)
> > +{
> > +	struct vgic_io_device *iodev = kvm_to_vgic_iodev(dev);
> > +	const struct vgic_register_region *region;
> > +	struct kvm_vcpu *r_vcpu;
> > +	unsigned long data = vgic_data_mmio_bus_to_host(val, len);
> > +
> > +	region = vgic_find_mmio_region(iodev->regions, iodev->nr_regions,
> > +				       addr - iodev->base_addr);
> > +	if (!region)
> > +		return 0;
> > +
> > +	if (!check_region(region, addr, len))
> > +		return 0;
> > +
> > +	r_vcpu = iodev->redist_vcpu ? iodev->redist_vcpu : vcpu;
> > +	region->write(r_vcpu, addr, len, data);
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +struct kvm_io_device_ops kvm_io_gic_ops = {
> > +	.read = dispatch_mmio_read,
> > +	.write = dispatch_mmio_write,
> > +};
> > diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.h b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.h
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..855b1db
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.h
> > @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
> > +/*
> > + * Copyright (C) 2015, 2016 ARM Ltd.
> > + *
> > + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> > + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
> > + * published by the Free Software Foundation.
> > + *
> > + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> > + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> > + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> > + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> > + *
> > + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> > + * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
> > + */
> > +#ifndef __KVM_ARM_VGIC_MMIO_H__
> > +#define __KVM_ARM_VGIC_MMIO_H__
> > +
> > +struct vgic_register_region {
> > +	unsigned int reg_offset;
> > +	unsigned int len;
> > +	unsigned int bits_per_irq;
> > +	unsigned int access_flags;
> > +	unsigned long (*read)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t addr,
> > +			      unsigned int len);
> > +	void (*write)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t addr, unsigned int len,
> > +		      unsigned long val);
> > +};
> > +
> > +extern struct kvm_io_device_ops kvm_io_gic_ops;
> > +
> > +#define VGIC_ACCESS_8bit	1
> > +#define VGIC_ACCESS_32bit	2
> > +#define VGIC_ACCESS_64bit	4
> > +
> > +/* generate a mask that covers 1024 interrupts with <b> bits per IRQ */
> 
> Hmmm. I'd appreciate some additional comments, specially when it comes
> to the various restrictions. May I'd suggest something like:
> 
> /*
>  * Generate a mask that covers the number of bytes required to address
>  * up to 1024 interrupts, each represented by <b> bits. This assumes
>  * that <b> is a power of two.
>  *
>  * ilog2(b) + ilog2(1024) is the number of bits required to bit-address
>  * 1024 interrupts, each represented by b bits. Minus ilog2(8) converts
>  * this to a byte address.

So I'm guessting this is a rewrite of ilog2( (b * 1024) / 8), but I'm
stupid enough to not understand our use of logarithms here.  Can someone
remind me whatever I forgot at CS 101?

>  */
> 
> > +#define VGIC_ADDR_IRQ_MASK(b) GENMASK_ULL(ilog2(b) + ilog2(1024) - \
> > +					  ilog2(BITS_PER_BYTE) - 1, 0)
> 
> /*
>  * Convert a base address into a base interrupt (each interrupt
>  * represented by <bits> bits. This assumes that <bits> is a power
>  * of two, that <addr> both part of a memory region aligned on a

did you mean '<addr> *is* both part of' ?

>  * <b> bits boundary, and itself aligned on that same boundary
>  * (for regions that describe an interrupt with more than a single
>  * byte of data).
>  */
> 

In any case, thanks for the commentary, I was faily lost here.

-Christoffer

> > +#define VGIC_ADDR_TO_INTID(addr, bits)  (((addr) & VGIC_ADDR_IRQ_MASK(bits)) * \
> > +					64 / (bits) / 8)
> > +
> > +/*
> > + * Some VGIC registers store per-IRQ information, with a different number
> > + * of bits per IRQ. For those registers this macro is used.
> > + * The _WITH_LENGTH version instantiates registers with a fixed length
> > + * and is mutually exclusive with the _PER_IRQ version.
> > + */
> > +#define REGISTER_DESC_WITH_BITS_PER_IRQ(off, rd, wr, bpi, acc)		\
> > +	{								\
> > +		.reg_offset = off,					\
> > +		.bits_per_irq = bpi,					\
> > +		.len = bpi * 1024 / 8,					\
> > +		.access_flags = acc,					\
> > +		.read = rd,						\
> > +		.write = wr,						\
> > +	}
> > +
> > +#define REGISTER_DESC_WITH_LENGTH(off, rd, wr, length, acc)		\
> > +	{								\
> > +		.reg_offset = off,					\
> > +		.bits_per_irq = 0,					\
> > +		.len = length,						\
> > +		.access_flags = acc,					\
> > +		.read = rd,						\
> > +		.write = wr,						\
> > +	}
> > +
> > +int kvm_vgic_register_mmio_region(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> > +				  struct vgic_register_region *reg_desc,
> > +				  struct vgic_io_device *region,
> > +				  int nr_irqs, bool offset_private);
> > +
> > +unsigned long vgic_data_mmio_bus_to_host(const void *val, unsigned int len);
> > +
> > +void vgic_data_host_to_mmio_bus(void *buf, unsigned int len,
> > +				unsigned long data);
> > +
> > +unsigned long vgic_mmio_read_raz(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> > +				 gpa_t addr, unsigned int len);
> > +
> > +unsigned long vgic_mmio_read_rao(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> > +				 gpa_t addr, unsigned int len);
> > +
> > +void vgic_mmio_write_wi(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t addr,
> > +			unsigned int len, unsigned long val);
> > +
> > +#endif
> > 
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> 	M.
> -- 
> Jazz is not dead. It just smells funny...