Subject: [PATCH 06/18] add support for Clang's Shadow Call Stack (SCS)

From: Sami Tolvanen <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2019 09:10:21 -0700

This change adds generic support for Clang's Shadow Call Stack, which
uses a shadow stack to protect return addresses from being overwritten
by an attacker. Details are available here:

  https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ShadowCallStack.html

Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <[email-masked]>
---
 Makefile                       |   6 ++
 arch/Kconfig                   |  39 ++++++++
 include/linux/compiler-clang.h |   2 +
 include/linux/compiler_types.h |   4 +
 include/linux/scs.h            |  88 ++++++++++++++++++
 init/init_task.c               |   6 ++
 init/main.c                    |   3 +
 kernel/Makefile                |   1 +
 kernel/fork.c                  |   9 ++
 kernel/sched/core.c            |   2 +
 kernel/sched/sched.h           |   1 +
 kernel/scs.c                   | 162 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 12 files changed, 323 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/linux/scs.h
 create mode 100644 kernel/scs.c

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index ffd7a912fc46..e401fa500f62 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -846,6 +846,12 @@ ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -flive-patching=inline-clone)
 endif
 
+ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
+KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= -fsanitize=shadow-call-stack
+DISABLE_SCS	:= -fno-sanitize=shadow-call-stack
+export DISABLE_SCS
+endif
+
 # arch Makefile may override CC so keep this after arch Makefile is included
 NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include)
 
diff --git a/arch/Kconfig b/arch/Kconfig
index 5f8a5d84dbbe..a222adda8130 100644
--- a/arch/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/Kconfig
@@ -521,6 +521,45 @@ config STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG
 	  about 20% of all kernel functions, which increases the kernel code
 	  size by about 2%.
 
+config ARCH_SUPPORTS_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
+	bool
+	help
+	  An architecture should select this if it supports Clang's Shadow
+	  Call Stack, has asm/scs.h, and implements runtime support for shadow
+	  stack switching.
+
+config SHADOW_CALL_STACK_VMAP
+	def_bool n
+	depends on SHADOW_CALL_STACK
+	help
+	  Use virtually mapped shadow call stacks. Selecting this option
+	  provides better stack exhaustion protection, but increases per-thread
+	  memory consumption as a full page is allocated for each shadow stack.
+
+choice
+	prompt "Return-oriented programming (ROP) protection"
+	default ROP_PROTECTION_NONE
+	help
+	  This option controls kernel protections against return-oriented
+	  programming (ROP) attacks.
+
+config ROP_PROTECTION_NONE
+	bool "None"
+
+config SHADOW_CALL_STACK
+	bool "Clang Shadow Call Stack"
+	depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
+	depends on CC_IS_CLANG && CLANG_VERSION >= 70000
+	help
+	  This option enables Clang's Shadow Call Stack, which uses a shadow
+	  stack to protect function return addresses from being overwritten by
+	  an attacker. More information can be found from Clang's
+	  documentation:
+
+	    https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ShadowCallStack.html
+
+endchoice
+
 config HAVE_ARCH_WITHIN_STACK_FRAMES
 	bool
 	help
diff --git a/include/linux/compiler-clang.h b/include/linux/compiler-clang.h
index 333a6695a918..9af08391f205 100644
--- a/include/linux/compiler-clang.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler-clang.h
@@ -42,3 +42,5 @@
  * compilers, like ICC.
  */
 #define barrier() __asm__ __volatile__("" : : : "memory")
+
+#define __noscs		__attribute__((no_sanitize("shadow-call-stack")))
diff --git a/include/linux/compiler_types.h b/include/linux/compiler_types.h
index 72393a8c1a6c..be5d5be4b1ae 100644
--- a/include/linux/compiler_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler_types.h
@@ -202,6 +202,10 @@ struct ftrace_likely_data {
 # define randomized_struct_fields_end
 #endif
 
+#ifndef __noscs
+# define __noscs
+#endif
+
 #ifndef asm_volatile_goto
 #define asm_volatile_goto(x...) asm goto(x)
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/scs.h b/include/linux/scs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dfbd80faa528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/scs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * Shadow Call Stack support.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 Google LLC
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_SCS_H
+#define _LINUX_SCS_H
+
+#include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <asm/page.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK_VMAP
+# define SCS_SIZE		PAGE_SIZE
+#else
+# define SCS_SIZE		1024
+#endif
+
+#define SCS_GFP			(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO)
+
+extern unsigned long init_shadow_call_stack[];
+
+static inline void *task_scs(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	return task_thread_info(tsk)->shadow_call_stack;
+}
+
+static inline void task_set_scs(struct task_struct *tsk, void *s)
+{
+	task_thread_info(tsk)->shadow_call_stack = s;
+}
+
+extern void scs_init(void);
+extern void scs_set_init_magic(struct task_struct *tsk);
+extern void scs_task_init(struct task_struct *tsk);
+extern void scs_task_reset(struct task_struct *tsk);
+extern int scs_prepare(struct task_struct *tsk, int node);
+extern bool scs_corrupted(struct task_struct *tsk);
+extern void scs_release(struct task_struct *tsk);
+
+#else /* CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK */
+
+static inline void *task_scs(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void task_set_scs(struct task_struct *tsk, void *s)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void scs_init(void)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void scs_set_init_magic(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void scs_task_init(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void scs_task_reset(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+}
+
+static inline int scs_prepare(struct task_struct *tsk, int node)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool scs_corrupted(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+
+static inline void scs_release(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK */
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_SCS_H */
diff --git a/init/init_task.c b/init/init_task.c
index 9e5cbe5eab7b..5e55ff45bbbf 100644
--- a/init/init_task.c
+++ b/init/init_task.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/audit.h>
 #include <linux/numa.h>
+#include <linux/scs.h>
 
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
@@ -184,6 +185,11 @@ struct task_struct init_task
 };
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(init_task);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
+unsigned long init_shadow_call_stack[SCS_SIZE / sizeof(long)]
+	__init_task_data __aligned(SCS_SIZE);
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Initial thread structure. Alignment of this is handled by a special
  * linker map entry.
diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
index 91f6ebb30ef0..fb8bcdd729b9 100644
--- a/init/main.c
+++ b/init/main.c
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
 #include <linux/rodata_test.h>
 #include <linux/jump_label.h>
 #include <linux/mem_encrypt.h>
+#include <linux/scs.h>
 
 #include <asm/io.h>
 #include <asm/bugs.h>
@@ -578,6 +579,8 @@ asmlinkage __visible void __init start_kernel(void)
 	char *after_dashes;
 
 	set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
+	scs_set_init_magic(&init_task);
+
 	smp_setup_processor_id();
 	debug_objects_early_init();
 
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index daad787fb795..313dbd44d576 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS) += trace/
 obj-$(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) += irq_work.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_PM) += cpu_pm.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_BPF) += bpf/
+obj-$(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK) += scs.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS) += events/
 
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index bcdf53125210..ae7ebe9f0586 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
 #include <linux/livepatch.h>
 #include <linux/thread_info.h>
 #include <linux/stackleak.h>
+#include <linux/scs.h>
 
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
@@ -451,6 +452,8 @@ void put_task_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
 
 void free_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
+	scs_release(tsk);
+
 #ifndef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 	/*
 	 * The task is finally done with both the stack and thread_info,
@@ -834,6 +837,8 @@ void __init fork_init(void)
 			  NULL, free_vm_stack_cache);
 #endif
 
+	scs_init();
+
 	lockdep_init_task(&init_task);
 	uprobes_init();
 }
@@ -907,6 +912,7 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
 	clear_user_return_notifier(tsk);
 	clear_tsk_need_resched(tsk);
 	set_task_stack_end_magic(tsk);
+	scs_task_init(tsk);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR
 	tsk->stack_canary = get_random_canary();
@@ -2022,6 +2028,9 @@ static __latent_entropy struct task_struct *copy_process(
 				 args->tls);
 	if (retval)
 		goto bad_fork_cleanup_io;
+	retval = scs_prepare(p, node);
+	if (retval)
+		goto bad_fork_cleanup_thread;
 
 	stackleak_task_init(p);
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
index dd05a378631a..e7faeb383008 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/core.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
@@ -6013,6 +6013,8 @@ void init_idle(struct task_struct *idle, int cpu)
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&idle->pi_lock, flags);
 	raw_spin_lock(&rq->lock);
 
+	scs_task_reset(idle);
+
 	__sched_fork(0, idle);
 	idle->state = TASK_RUNNING;
 	idle->se.exec_start = sched_clock();
diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
index 0db2c1b3361e..c153003a011c 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 #include <linux/profile.h>
 #include <linux/psi.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
+#include <linux/scs.h>
 #include <linux/security.h>
 #include <linux/stop_machine.h>
 #include <linux/suspend.h>
diff --git a/kernel/scs.c b/kernel/scs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..47324e8d313b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/scs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Shadow Call Stack support.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Google LLC
+ */
+
+#include <linux/cpuhotplug.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/scs.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <asm/scs.h>
+
+#define SCS_END_MAGIC	0xaf0194819b1635f6UL
+
+static inline void *__scs_base(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	return (void *)((uintptr_t)task_scs(tsk) & ~(SCS_SIZE - 1));
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK_VMAP
+
+/* Keep a cache of shadow stacks */
+#define SCS_CACHE_SIZE 2
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(void *, scs_cache[SCS_CACHE_SIZE]);
+
+static void *scs_alloc(int node)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < SCS_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
+		void *s;
+
+		s = this_cpu_xchg(scs_cache[i], NULL);
+		if (s) {
+			memset(s, 0, SCS_SIZE);
+			return s;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return __vmalloc_node_range(SCS_SIZE, SCS_SIZE,
+				    VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
+				    SCS_GFP, PAGE_KERNEL, 0,
+				    node, __builtin_return_address(0));
+}
+
+static void scs_free(void *s)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < SCS_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
+		if (this_cpu_cmpxchg(scs_cache[i], 0, s) != 0)
+			continue;
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	vfree_atomic(s);
+}
+
+static int scs_cleanup(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	int i;
+	void **cache = per_cpu_ptr(scs_cache, cpu);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < SCS_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
+		vfree(cache[i]);
+		cache[i] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void __init scs_init(void)
+{
+	cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN, "scs:scs_cache", NULL,
+		scs_cleanup);
+}
+
+#else /* !CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK_VMAP */
+
+static struct kmem_cache *scs_cache;
+
+static inline void *scs_alloc(int node)
+{
+	return kmem_cache_alloc_node(scs_cache, SCS_GFP, node);
+}
+
+static inline void scs_free(void *s)
+{
+	kmem_cache_free(scs_cache, s);
+}
+
+void __init scs_init(void)
+{
+	scs_cache = kmem_cache_create("scs_cache", SCS_SIZE, SCS_SIZE,
+				0, NULL);
+	WARN_ON(!scs_cache);
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK_VMAP */
+
+static inline unsigned long *scs_magic(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	return (unsigned long *)(__scs_base(tsk) + SCS_SIZE - sizeof(long));
+}
+
+static inline void scs_set_magic(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	*scs_magic(tsk) = SCS_END_MAGIC;
+}
+
+void scs_task_init(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	task_set_scs(tsk, NULL);
+}
+
+void scs_task_reset(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	task_set_scs(tsk, __scs_base(tsk));
+}
+
+void scs_set_init_magic(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	scs_save(tsk);
+	scs_set_magic(tsk);
+	scs_load(tsk);
+}
+
+int scs_prepare(struct task_struct *tsk, int node)
+{
+	void *s;
+
+	s = scs_alloc(node);
+	if (!s)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	task_set_scs(tsk, s);
+	scs_set_magic(tsk);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+bool scs_corrupted(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	return *scs_magic(tsk) != SCS_END_MAGIC;
+}
+
+void scs_release(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	void *s;
+
+	s = __scs_base(tsk);
+	if (!s)
+		return;
+
+	WARN_ON(scs_corrupted(tsk));
+
+	scs_task_init(tsk);
+	scs_free(s);
+}
-- 
2.23.0.866.gb869b98d4c-goog

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