Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 03/26] iommu: Add a page fault handler

From: Jonathan Cameron <[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 13:59:33 +0000

On Mon, 24 Feb 2020 19:23:38 +0100
Jean-Philippe Brucker <[email-masked]> wrote:

> From: Jean-Philippe Brucker <[email-masked]>
> 
> Some systems allow devices to handle I/O Page Faults in the core mm. For
> example systems implementing the PCI PRI extension or Arm SMMU stall
> model. Infrastructure for reporting these recoverable page faults was
> recently added to the IOMMU core. Add a page fault handler for host SVA.
> 
> IOMMU driver can now instantiate several fault workqueues and link them to
> IOPF-capable devices. Drivers can choose between a single global
> workqueue, one per IOMMU device, one per low-level fault queue, one per
> domain, etc.
> 
> When it receives a fault event, supposedly in an IRQ handler, the IOMMU
> driver reports the fault using iommu_report_device_fault(), which calls
> the registered handler. The page fault handler then calls the mm fault
> handler, and reports either success or failure with iommu_page_response().
> When the handler succeeded, the IOMMU retries the access.
> 
> The iopf_param pointer could be embedded into iommu_fault_param. But
> putting iopf_param into the iommu_param structure allows us not to care
> about ordering between calls to iopf_queue_add_device() and
> iommu_register_device_fault_handler().
> 
> Signed-off-by: Jean-Philippe Brucker <[email-masked]>
A few more minor comments...

> ---
>  drivers/iommu/Kconfig      |   4 +
>  drivers/iommu/Makefile     |   1 +
>  drivers/iommu/io-pgfault.c | 451 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  include/linux/iommu.h      |  59 +++++
>  4 files changed, 515 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 drivers/iommu/io-pgfault.c
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/iommu/Kconfig b/drivers/iommu/Kconfig
> index acca20e2da2f..e4a42e1708b4 100644
> --- a/drivers/iommu/Kconfig
> +++ b/drivers/iommu/Kconfig
> @@ -109,6 +109,10 @@ config IOMMU_SVA
>  	select IOMMU_API
>  	select MMU_NOTIFIER
>  
> +config IOMMU_PAGE_FAULT
> +	bool
> +	select IOMMU_API
> +
>  config FSL_PAMU
>  	bool "Freescale IOMMU support"
>  	depends on PCI
> diff --git a/drivers/iommu/Makefile b/drivers/iommu/Makefile
> index 40c800dd4e3e..bf5cb4ee8409 100644
> --- a/drivers/iommu/Makefile
> +++ b/drivers/iommu/Makefile
> @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_IOMMU_API) += iommu-traces.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_IOMMU_API) += iommu-sysfs.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_IOMMU_DEBUGFS) += iommu-debugfs.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_IOMMU_DMA) += dma-iommu.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_IOMMU_PAGE_FAULT) += io-pgfault.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_IOMMU_IO_PGTABLE) += io-pgtable.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_IOMMU_IO_PGTABLE_ARMV7S) += io-pgtable-arm-v7s.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_IOMMU_IO_PGTABLE_LPAE) += io-pgtable-arm.o
> diff --git a/drivers/iommu/io-pgfault.c b/drivers/iommu/io-pgfault.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..76e153c59fe3
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/iommu/io-pgfault.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * Handle device page faults
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2018 ARM Ltd.

As before. Date update perhaps?

> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/iommu.h>
> +#include <linux/list.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/workqueue.h>
> +
> +/**
> + * struct iopf_queue - IO Page Fault queue
> + * @wq: the fault workqueue
> + * @flush: low-level flush callback
> + * @flush_arg: flush() argument
> + * @devices: devices attached to this queue
> + * @lock: protects the device list
> + */
> +struct iopf_queue {
> +	struct workqueue_struct		*wq;
> +	iopf_queue_flush_t		flush;
> +	void				*flush_arg;
> +	struct list_head		devices;
> +	struct mutex			lock;
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * struct iopf_device_param - IO Page Fault data attached to a device
> + * @dev: the device that owns this param
> + * @queue: IOPF queue
> + * @queue_list: index into queue->devices
> + * @partial: faults that are part of a Page Request Group for which the last
> + *           request hasn't been submitted yet.
> + * @busy: the param is being used
> + * @wq_head: signal a change to @busy
> + */
> +struct iopf_device_param {
> +	struct device			*dev;
> +	struct iopf_queue		*queue;
> +	struct list_head		queue_list;
> +	struct list_head		partial;
> +	bool				busy;
> +	wait_queue_head_t		wq_head;
> +};
> +
> +struct iopf_fault {
> +	struct iommu_fault		fault;
> +	struct list_head		head;
> +};
> +
> +struct iopf_group {
> +	struct iopf_fault		last_fault;
> +	struct list_head		faults;
> +	struct work_struct		work;
> +	struct device			*dev;
> +};
> +
> +static int iopf_complete(struct device *dev, struct iopf_fault *iopf,
> +			 enum iommu_page_response_code status)

This is called once per group.  Should name reflect that?

> +{
> +	struct iommu_page_response resp = {
> +		.version		= IOMMU_PAGE_RESP_VERSION_1,
> +		.pasid			= iopf->fault.prm.pasid,
> +		.grpid			= iopf->fault.prm.grpid,
> +		.code			= status,
> +	};
> +
> +	if (iopf->fault.prm.flags & IOMMU_FAULT_PAGE_REQUEST_PASID_VALID)
> +		resp.flags = IOMMU_PAGE_RESP_PASID_VALID;
> +
> +	return iommu_page_response(dev, &resp);
> +}
> +
> +static enum iommu_page_response_code
> +iopf_handle_single(struct iopf_fault *iopf)
> +{
> +	/* TODO */
> +	return -ENODEV;
> +}
> +
> +static void iopf_handle_group(struct work_struct *work)
> +{
> +	struct iopf_group *group;
> +	struct iopf_fault *iopf, *next;
> +	enum iommu_page_response_code status = IOMMU_PAGE_RESP_SUCCESS;
> +
> +	group = container_of(work, struct iopf_group, work);
> +
> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(iopf, next, &group->faults, head) {
> +		/*
> +		 * For the moment, errors are sticky: don't handle subsequent
> +		 * faults in the group if there is an error.
> +		 */
> +		if (status == IOMMU_PAGE_RESP_SUCCESS)
> +			status = iopf_handle_single(iopf);
> +
> +		if (!(iopf->fault.prm.flags & IOMMU_FAULT_PAGE_REQUEST_LAST_PAGE))
> +			kfree(iopf);
> +	}
> +
> +	iopf_complete(group->dev, &group->last_fault, status);
> +	kfree(group);
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * iommu_queue_iopf - IO Page Fault handler
> + * @evt: fault event
> + * @cookie: struct device, passed to iommu_register_device_fault_handler.
> + *
> + * Add a fault to the device workqueue, to be handled by mm.
> + *
> + * Return: 0 on success and <0 on error.
> + */
> +int iommu_queue_iopf(struct iommu_fault *fault, void *cookie)
> +{
> +	int ret;
> +	struct iopf_group *group;
> +	struct iopf_fault *iopf, *next;
> +	struct iopf_device_param *iopf_param;
> +
> +	struct device *dev = cookie;
> +	struct iommu_param *param = dev->iommu_param;
> +
> +	if (WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&param->lock)))
> +		return -EINVAL;

Just curious...

Why do we always need a runtime check on this rather than say,
using lockdep_assert_held or similar?

> +
> +	if (fault->type != IOMMU_FAULT_PAGE_REQ)
> +		/* Not a recoverable page fault */
> +		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * As long as we're holding param->lock, the queue can't be unlinked
> +	 * from the device and therefore cannot disappear.
> +	 */
> +	iopf_param = param->iopf_param;
> +	if (!iopf_param)
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
> +	if (!(fault->prm.flags & IOMMU_FAULT_PAGE_REQUEST_LAST_PAGE)) {
> +		iopf = kzalloc(sizeof(*iopf), GFP_KERNEL);
> +		if (!iopf)
> +			return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +		iopf->fault = *fault;
> +
> +		/* Non-last request of a group. Postpone until the last one */
> +		list_add(&iopf->head, &iopf_param->partial);
> +
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	group = kzalloc(sizeof(*group), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!group) {
> +		/*
> +		 * The caller will send a response to the hardware. But we do
> +		 * need to clean up before leaving, otherwise partial faults
> +		 * will be stuck.
> +		 */
> +		ret = -ENOMEM;
> +		goto cleanup_partial;
> +	}
> +
> +	group->dev = dev;
> +	group->last_fault.fault = *fault;
> +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&group->faults);
> +	list_add(&group->last_fault.head, &group->faults);
> +	INIT_WORK(&group->work, iopf_handle_group);
> +
> +	/* See if we have partial faults for this group */
> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(iopf, next, &iopf_param->partial, head) {
> +		if (iopf->fault.prm.grpid == fault->prm.grpid)
> +			/* Insert *before* the last fault */
> +			list_move(&iopf->head, &group->faults);
> +	}
> +
> +	queue_work(iopf_param->queue->wq, &group->work);
> +	return 0;
> +
> +cleanup_partial:
> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(iopf, next, &iopf_param->partial, head) {
> +		if (iopf->fault.prm.grpid == fault->prm.grpid) {
> +			list_del(&iopf->head);
> +			kfree(iopf);
> +		}
> +	}
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iommu_queue_iopf);
> +
> +/**
> + * iopf_queue_flush_dev - Ensure that all queued faults have been processed
> + * @dev: the endpoint whose faults need to be flushed.
> + * @pasid: the PASID affected by this flush
> + *
> + * Users must call this function when releasing a PASID, to ensure that all
> + * pending faults for this PASID have been handled, and won't hit the address
> + * space of the next process that uses this PASID.
> + *
> + * This function can also be called before shutting down the device, in which
> + * case @pasid should be IOMMU_PASID_INVALID.
> + *
> + * Return: 0 on success and <0 on error.
> + */
> +int iopf_queue_flush_dev(struct device *dev, int pasid)
> +{
> +	int ret = 0;
> +	struct iopf_queue *queue;
> +	struct iopf_device_param *iopf_param;
> +	struct iommu_param *param = dev->iommu_param;
> +
> +	if (!param)
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * It is incredibly easy to find ourselves in a deadlock situation if
> +	 * we're not careful, because we're taking the opposite path as
> +	 * iommu_queue_iopf:
> +	 *
> +	 *   iopf_queue_flush_dev()   |  PRI queue handler
> +	 *    lock(&param->lock)      |   iommu_queue_iopf()
> +	 *     queue->flush()         |    lock(&param->lock)
> +	 *      wait PRI queue empty  |
> +	 *
> +	 * So we can't hold the device param lock while flushing. Take a
> +	 * reference to the device param instead, to prevent the queue from
> +	 * going away.
> +	 */
> +	mutex_lock(&param->lock);
> +	iopf_param = param->iopf_param;
> +	if (iopf_param) {
> +		queue = param->iopf_param->queue;
> +		iopf_param->busy = true;

Describing this as taking a reference is not great...
I'd change the comment to set a flag or something like that.

Is there any potential of multiple copies of this running against
each other?  I've not totally gotten my head around when this
might be called yet.

> +	} else {
> +		ret = -ENODEV;
> +	}
> +	mutex_unlock(&param->lock);
> +	if (ret)
> +		return ret;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * When removing a PASID, the device driver tells the device to stop
> +	 * using it, and flush any pending fault to the IOMMU. In this flush
> +	 * callback, the IOMMU driver makes sure that there are no such faults
> +	 * left in the low-level queue.
> +	 */
> +	queue->flush(queue->flush_arg, dev, pasid);
> +
> +	flush_workqueue(queue->wq);
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&param->lock);
> +	iopf_param->busy = false;
> +	wake_up(&iopf_param->wq_head);
> +	mutex_unlock(&param->lock);
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iopf_queue_flush_dev);
> +
> +/**
> + * iopf_queue_discard_partial - Remove all pending partial fault
> + * @queue: the queue whose partial faults need to be discarded
> + *
> + * When the hardware queue overflows, last page faults in a group may have been
> + * lost and the IOMMU driver calls this to discard all partial faults. The
> + * driver shouldn't be adding new faults to this queue concurrently.
> + *
> + * Return: 0 on success and <0 on error.
> + */
> +int iopf_queue_discard_partial(struct iopf_queue *queue)
> +{
> +	struct iopf_fault *iopf, *next;
> +	struct iopf_device_param *iopf_param;
> +
> +	if (!queue)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
> +	list_for_each_entry(iopf_param, &queue->devices, queue_list) {
> +		list_for_each_entry_safe(iopf, next, &iopf_param->partial, head)
> +			kfree(iopf);
> +	}
> +	mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iopf_queue_discard_partial);
> +
> +/**
> + * iopf_queue_add_device - Add producer to the fault queue
> + * @queue: IOPF queue
> + * @dev: device to add
> + *
> + * Return: 0 on success and <0 on error.
> + */
> +int iopf_queue_add_device(struct iopf_queue *queue, struct device *dev)
> +{
> +	int ret = -EINVAL;
> +	struct iopf_device_param *iopf_param;
> +	struct iommu_param *param = dev->iommu_param;
> +
> +	if (!param)
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +
> +	iopf_param = kzalloc(sizeof(*iopf_param), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!iopf_param)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&iopf_param->partial);
> +	iopf_param->queue = queue;
> +	iopf_param->dev = dev;
> +	init_waitqueue_head(&iopf_param->wq_head);
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
> +	mutex_lock(&param->lock);
> +	if (!param->iopf_param) {
> +		list_add(&iopf_param->queue_list, &queue->devices);
> +		param->iopf_param = iopf_param;
> +		ret = 0;
> +	}
> +	mutex_unlock(&param->lock);
> +	mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
> +
> +	if (ret)
> +		kfree(iopf_param);
> +
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iopf_queue_add_device);
> +
> +/**
> + * iopf_queue_remove_device - Remove producer from fault queue
> + * @queue: IOPF queue
> + * @dev: device to remove
> + *
> + * Caller makes sure that no more faults are reported for this device.
> + *
> + * Return: 0 on success and <0 on error.
> + */
> +int iopf_queue_remove_device(struct iopf_queue *queue, struct device *dev)
> +{
> +	int ret = -EINVAL;
> +	struct iopf_fault *iopf, *next;
> +	struct iopf_device_param *iopf_param;
> +	struct iommu_param *param = dev->iommu_param;
> +
> +	if (!param || !queue)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	do {
> +		mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
> +		mutex_lock(&param->lock);
> +		iopf_param = param->iopf_param;
> +		if (iopf_param && iopf_param->queue == queue) {
> +			if (iopf_param->busy) {
> +				ret = -EBUSY;
> +			} else {
> +				list_del(&iopf_param->queue_list);
> +				param->iopf_param = NULL;
> +				ret = 0;
> +			}
> +		}
> +		mutex_unlock(&param->lock);
> +		mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * If there is an ongoing flush, wait for it to complete and
> +		 * then retry. iopf_param isn't going away since we're the only
> +		 * thread that can free it.
> +		 */
> +		if (ret == -EBUSY)
> +			wait_event(iopf_param->wq_head, !iopf_param->busy);
> +		else if (ret)
> +			return ret;
> +	} while (ret == -EBUSY);

I'm in two minds about the next comment (so up to you)...

Currently this looks a bit odd.  Would you be better off just having a separate
parameter for busy and explicit separate handling for the error path?

	bool busy;
	int ret = 0;

	do {
		mutex_lock(&queue->lock);
		mutex_lock(&param->lock);
		iopf_param = param->iopf_param;
		if (iopf_param && iopf_param->queue == queue) {
			busy = iopf_param->busy;
			if (!busy) {
				list_del(&iopf_param->queue_list);
				param->iopf_param = NULL;
			}
		} else {
			ret = -EINVAL;
		}
		mutex_unlock(&param->lock);
		mutex_unlock(&queue->lock);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
		if (busy)
			wait_event(iopf_param->wq_head, !iopf_param->busy);
		
	} while (busy);

	..

> +
> +	/* Just in case some faults are still stuck */
> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(iopf, next, &iopf_param->partial, head)
> +		kfree(iopf);
> +
> +	kfree(iopf_param);
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iopf_queue_remove_device);
> +
> +/**
> + * iopf_queue_alloc - Allocate and initialize a fault queue
> + * @name: a unique string identifying the queue (for workqueue)
> + * @flush: a callback that flushes the low-level queue
> + * @cookie: driver-private data passed to the flush callback
> + *
> + * The callback is called before the workqueue is flushed. The IOMMU driver must
> + * commit all faults that are pending in its low-level queues at the time of the
> + * call, into the IOPF queue (with iommu_report_device_fault). The callback
> + * takes a device pointer as argument, hinting what endpoint is causing the
> + * flush. When the device is NULL, all faults should be committed.
> + *
> + * Return: the queue on success and NULL on error.
> + */
> +struct iopf_queue *
> +iopf_queue_alloc(const char *name, iopf_queue_flush_t flush, void *cookie)
> +{
> +	struct iopf_queue *queue;
> +
> +	queue = kzalloc(sizeof(*queue), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!queue)
> +		return NULL;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * The WQ is unordered because the low-level handler enqueues faults by
> +	 * group. PRI requests within a group have to be ordered, but once
> +	 * that's dealt with, the high-level function can handle groups out of
> +	 * order.
> +	 */
> +	queue->wq = alloc_workqueue("iopf_queue/%s", WQ_UNBOUND, 0, name);
> +	if (!queue->wq) {
> +		kfree(queue);
> +		return NULL;
> +	}
> +
> +	queue->flush = flush;
> +	queue->flush_arg = cookie;
> +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&queue->devices);
> +	mutex_init(&queue->lock);
> +
> +	return queue;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iopf_queue_alloc);
> +
> +/**
> + * iopf_queue_free - Free IOPF queue
> + * @queue: queue to free
> + *
> + * Counterpart to iopf_queue_alloc(). The driver must not be queuing faults or
> + * adding/removing devices on this queue anymore.
> + */
> +void iopf_queue_free(struct iopf_queue *queue)
> +{
> +	struct iopf_device_param *iopf_param, *next;
> +
> +	if (!queue)
> +		return;
> +
> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(iopf_param, next, &queue->devices, queue_list)
> +		iopf_queue_remove_device(queue, iopf_param->dev);
> +
> +	destroy_workqueue(queue->wq);
> +	kfree(queue);
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iopf_queue_free);
> diff --git a/include/linux/iommu.h b/include/linux/iommu.h
> index 83397ae88d2d..e7bc47ba24f8 100644
> --- a/include/linux/iommu.h
> +++ b/include/linux/iommu.h
> @@ -364,11 +364,20 @@ struct iommu_fault_param {
>  	struct mutex lock;
>  };
>  
> +/**
> + * iopf_queue_flush_t - Flush low-level page fault queue
> + *
> + * Report all faults currently pending in the low-level page fault queue
> + */
> +struct iopf_queue;
> +typedef int (*iopf_queue_flush_t)(void *cookie, struct device *dev, int pasid);
> +
>  /**
>   * struct iommu_param - collection of per-device IOMMU data
>   *
>   * @fault_param: IOMMU detected device fault reporting data
>   * @sva_param: IOMMU parameter for SVA
> + * @iopf_param: I/O Page Fault queue and data
>   *
>   * TODO: migrate other per device data pointers under iommu_dev_data, e.g.
>   *	struct iommu_group	*iommu_group;
> @@ -377,6 +386,7 @@ struct iommu_fault_param {
>  struct iommu_param {
>  	struct mutex lock;
>  	struct iommu_fault_param *fault_param;
> +	struct iopf_device_param *iopf_param;
>  	struct mutex sva_lock;
>  	struct iommu_sva_param *sva_param;
>  };
> @@ -1081,4 +1091,53 @@ void iommu_debugfs_setup(void);
>  static inline void iommu_debugfs_setup(void) {}
>  #endif
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_PAGE_FAULT
> +extern int iommu_queue_iopf(struct iommu_fault *fault, void *cookie);
> +
> +extern int iopf_queue_add_device(struct iopf_queue *queue, struct device *dev);
> +extern int iopf_queue_remove_device(struct iopf_queue *queue, struct device *dev);
> +extern int iopf_queue_flush_dev(struct device *dev, int pasid);
> +extern struct iopf_queue *
> +iopf_queue_alloc(const char *name, iopf_queue_flush_t flush, void *cookie);
> +extern void iopf_queue_free(struct iopf_queue *queue);
> +extern int iopf_queue_discard_partial(struct iopf_queue *queue);
> +#else /* CONFIG_IOMMU_PAGE_FAULT */
> +static inline int iommu_queue_iopf(struct iommu_fault *fault, void *cookie)
> +{
> +	return -ENODEV;
> +}
> +
> +static inline int iopf_queue_add_device(struct iopf_queue *queue,
> +					struct device *dev)
> +{
> +	return -ENODEV;
> +}
> +
> +static inline int iopf_queue_remove_device(struct iopf_queue *queue,
> +					   struct device *dev)
> +{
> +	return -ENODEV;
> +}
> +
> +static inline int iopf_queue_flush_dev(struct device *dev, int pasid)
> +{
> +	return -ENODEV;
> +}
> +
> +static inline struct iopf_queue *
> +iopf_queue_alloc(const char *name, iopf_queue_flush_t flush, void *cookie)
> +{
> +	return NULL;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void iopf_queue_free(struct iopf_queue *queue)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline int iopf_queue_discard_partial(struct iopf_queue *queue)
> +{
> +	return -ENODEV;
> +}
> +#endif /* CONFIG_IOMMU_PAGE_FAULT */
> +
>  #endif /* __LINUX_IOMMU_H */

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