Subject: [PATCH v3 5/6] mm/vmalloc: map contiguous pages in batches for vmap() if possible

From: Wen Jiang <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 13:31:45 +0800

From: "Barry Song (Xiaomi)" <[email-masked]>

In many cases, the pages passed to vmap() may include high-order
pages. For example, the systemheap often allocates pages in descending
order: order 8, then 4, then 0. Currently, vmap() iterates over every
page individually—even pages inside a high-order block are handled
one by one.

This patch detects physically contiguous pages (regardless of whether
they are compound or non-compound) by scanning with
num_pages_contiguous(), and maps them as a single contiguous block
whenever possible. The first page's pfn must be aligned to the
mapping order for the batched mapping to be used.

Pages with the same page_shift are coalesced and mapped via
vmap_pages_range_noflush_walk() to avoid page table rewalk.

As users typically allocate memory in descending orders (e.g.
8 → 4 → 0), once an order-0 page is encountered, we stop scanning
for contiguous pages since subsequent pages are likely order-0 as well.

Signed-off-by: Barry Song (Xiaomi) <[email-masked]>
Co-developed-by: Dev Jain <[email-masked]>
Signed-off-by: Dev Jain <[email-masked]>
Signed-off-by: Wen Jiang <[email-masked]>
Tested-by: Xueyuan Chen <[email-masked]>
---
 mm/vmalloc.c | 82 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 80 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/vmalloc.c b/mm/vmalloc.c
index deb764abc0571..50642246f4d40 100644
--- a/mm/vmalloc.c
+++ b/mm/vmalloc.c
@@ -3542,6 +3542,84 @@ void vunmap(const void *addr)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vunmap);
 
+static inline int get_vmap_batch_order(struct page **pages,
+		unsigned int max_steps, unsigned int idx)
+{
+	unsigned int nr_contig;
+	int order;
+
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP) ||
+			ioremap_max_page_shift == PAGE_SHIFT)
+		return 0;
+
+	nr_contig = num_pages_contiguous(&pages[idx], max_steps);
+	if (nr_contig < 2)
+		return 0;
+
+	order = fls(nr_contig) - 1;
+
+	if (arch_vmap_pte_supported_shift(PAGE_SIZE << order) == PAGE_SHIFT)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Ensure the first page's pfn is aligned to the order */
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(page_to_pfn(pages[idx]), 1 << order))
+		return 0;
+
+	return order;
+}
+
+static int vmap_batched(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+		pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages)
+{
+	unsigned int count = (end - addr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	unsigned int prev_shift = 0, idx = 0;
+	unsigned long start = addr, map_addr = addr;
+	int err;
+
+	err = kmsan_vmap_pages_range_noflush(addr, end, prot, pages,
+						PAGE_SHIFT, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; ) {
+		unsigned int shift = PAGE_SHIFT +
+			get_vmap_batch_order(pages, count - i, i);
+
+		if (!i)
+			prev_shift = shift;
+
+		if (shift != prev_shift) {
+			err = vmap_pages_range_noflush_walk(map_addr, addr,
+					prot, pages + idx,
+					min(prev_shift, PMD_SHIFT));
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			prev_shift = shift;
+			map_addr = addr;
+			idx = i;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Once small pages are encountered, the remaining pages
+		 * are likely small as well.
+		 */
+		if (shift == PAGE_SHIFT)
+			break;
+
+		addr += 1UL << shift;
+		i += 1U << (shift - PAGE_SHIFT);
+	}
+
+	/* Remaining */
+	if (map_addr < end)
+		err = vmap_pages_range_noflush_walk(map_addr, end,
+				prot, pages + idx, min(prev_shift, PMD_SHIFT));
+
+out:
+	flush_cache_vmap(start, end);
+	return err;
+}
+
 /**
  * vmap - map an array of pages into virtually contiguous space
  * @pages: array of page pointers
@@ -3585,8 +3663,8 @@ void *vmap(struct page **pages, unsigned int count,
 		return NULL;
 
 	addr = (unsigned long)area->addr;
-	if (vmap_pages_range(addr, addr + size, pgprot_nx(prot),
-				pages, PAGE_SHIFT) < 0) {
+	if (vmap_batched(addr, addr + size, pgprot_nx(prot),
+				pages) < 0) {
 		vunmap(area->addr);
 		return NULL;
 	}
-- 
2.34.1