Subject: [PATCH v5 1/5] ARM: dma-mapping: Optimize allocation

From: [email-masked] (Robin Murphy)
Date: Wed, 13 Jan 2016 12:17:52 +0000

Hi Doug,

On 08/01/16 23:05, Douglas Anderson wrote:
> The __iommu_alloc_buffer() is expected to be called to allocate pretty
> sizeable buffers.  Upon simple tests of video I saw it trying to
> allocate 4,194,304 bytes.  The function tries to allocate large chunks
> in order to optimize IOMMU TLB usage.
>
> The current function is very, very slow.
>
> One problem is the way it keeps trying and trying to allocate big
> chunks.  Imagine a very fragmented memory that has 4M free but no
> contiguous pages at all.  Further imagine allocating 4M (1024 pages).
> We'll do the following memory allocations:
> - For page 1:
>    - Try to allocate order 10 (no retry)
>    - Try to allocate order 9 (no retry)
>    - ...
>    - Try to allocate order 0 (with retry, but not needed)
> - For page 2:
>    - Try to allocate order 9 (no retry)
>    - Try to allocate order 8 (no retry)
>    - ...
>    - Try to allocate order 0 (with retry, but not needed)
> - ...
> - ...
>
> Total number of calls to alloc() calls for this case is:
>    sum(int(math.log(i, 2)) + 1 for i in range(1, 1025))
>    => 9228
>
> The above is obviously worse case, but given how slow alloc can be we
> really want to try to avoid even somewhat bad cases.  I timed the old
> code with a device under memory pressure and it wasn't hard to see it
> take more than 120 seconds to allocate 4 megs of memory! (NOTE: testing
> was done on kernel 3.14, so possibly mainline would behave
> differently).
>
> A second problem is that allocating big chunks under memory pressure
> when we don't need them is just not a great idea anyway unless we really
> need them.  We can make due pretty well with smaller chunks so it's
> probably wise to leave bigger chunks for other users once memory
> pressure is on.
>
> Let's adjust the allocation like this:
>
> 1. If a big chunk fails, stop trying to hard and bump down to lower
>     order allocations.
> 2. Don't try useless orders.  The whole point of big chunks is to
>     optimize the TLB and it can really only make use of 2M, 1M, 64K and
>     4K sizes.
>
> We'll still tend to eat up a bunch of big chunks, but that might be the
> right answer for some users.  A future patch could possibly add a new
> DMA_ATTR that would let the caller decide that TLB optimization isn't
> important and that we should use smaller chunks.  Presumably this would
> be a sane strategy for some callers.

Now that I've had time to think about it properly:

Reviewed-by: Robin Murphy <[email-masked]>

I just had an absolutely disgusting idea of how to get the same 
progression with just a single variable and no static array, but I'll 
keep that firmly to myself as it's almost IOCCC-grade WTF :D

Thanks,
Robin.

> Signed-off-by: Douglas Anderson <[email-masked]>
> Acked-by: Marek Szyprowski <[email-masked]>
> ---
> Changes in v5: None
> Changes in v4:
> - Added Marek's ack
>
> Changes in v3: None
> Changes in v2:
> - No longer just 1 page at a time, but gives up higher order quickly.
> - Only tries important higher order allocations that might help us.
>
>   arch/arm/mm/dma-mapping.c | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------
>   1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/arm/mm/dma-mapping.c b/arch/arm/mm/dma-mapping.c
> index 0eca3812527e..bc9cebfa0891 100644
> --- a/arch/arm/mm/dma-mapping.c
> +++ b/arch/arm/mm/dma-mapping.c
> @@ -1122,6 +1122,9 @@ static inline void __free_iova(struct dma_iommu_mapping *mapping,
>   	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mapping->lock, flags);
>   }
>
> +/* We'll try 2M, 1M, 64K, and finally 4K; array must end with 0! */
> +static const int iommu_order_array[] = { 9, 8, 4, 0 };
> +
>   static struct page **__iommu_alloc_buffer(struct device *dev, size_t size,
>   					  gfp_t gfp, struct dma_attrs *attrs)
>   {
> @@ -1129,6 +1132,7 @@ static struct page **__iommu_alloc_buffer(struct device *dev, size_t size,
>   	int count = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
>   	int array_size = count * sizeof(struct page *);
>   	int i = 0;
> +	int order_idx = 0;
>
>   	if (array_size <= PAGE_SIZE)
>   		pages = kzalloc(array_size, GFP_KERNEL);
> @@ -1162,22 +1166,24 @@ static struct page **__iommu_alloc_buffer(struct device *dev, size_t size,
>   	while (count) {
>   		int j, order;
>
> -		for (order = __fls(count); order > 0; --order) {
> -			/*
> -			 * We do not want OOM killer to be invoked as long
> -			 * as we can fall back to single pages, so we force
> -			 * __GFP_NORETRY for orders higher than zero.
> -			 */
> -			pages[i] = alloc_pages(gfp | __GFP_NORETRY, order);
> -			if (pages[i])
> -				break;
> +		order = iommu_order_array[order_idx];
> +
> +		/* Drop down when we get small */
> +		if (__fls(count) < order) {
> +			order_idx++;
> +			continue;
>   		}
>
> -		if (!pages[i]) {
> -			/*
> -			 * Fall back to single page allocation.
> -			 * Might invoke OOM killer as last resort.
> -			 */
> +		if (order) {
> +			/* See if it's easy to allocate a high-order chunk */
> +			pages[i] = alloc_pages(gfp | __GFP_NORETRY, order);
> +
> +			/* Go down a notch at first sign of pressure */
> +			if (!pages[i]) {
> +				order_idx++;
> +				continue;
> +			}
> +		} else {
>   			pages[i] = alloc_pages(gfp, 0);
>   			if (!pages[i])
>   				goto error;
>