Subject: [PATCH 7/9] powerpc/ppc64: ftrace, handle module trampolines for dyn ftrace

From: Steven Rostedt <[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2008 16:22:11 -0500

Impact: Allow 64 bit PowerPC to trace modules with dynamic ftrace

This adds code to handle the PPC64 module trampolines, and allows for
PPC64 to use dynamic ftrace.

Thanks to Paul Mackerras for these updates:

  - fix the mod and rec->arch.mod NULL checks.
  - fix to is_bl_op compare.

Thanks to Milton Miller for:

  - finding the nasty race with using two nops, and recommending
    instead that I use a branch 8 forward.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <[email-masked]>
---
 arch/powerpc/include/asm/ftrace.h |    2 +-
 arch/powerpc/include/asm/module.h |   11 ++
 arch/powerpc/kernel/ftrace.c      |  278 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 arch/powerpc/kernel/module_64.c   |   13 ++
 4 files changed, 293 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ftrace.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ftrace.h
index 17efecc..e5f2ae8 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ftrace.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ftrace.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ static inline unsigned long ftrace_call_adjust(unsigned long addr)
 }
 
 struct dyn_arch_ftrace {
-	/* nothing yet */
+	struct module *mod;
 };
 #endif /*  CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/module.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/module.h
index e5f14b1..340bc69 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/module.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/module.h
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ struct mod_arch_specific {
 #ifdef __powerpc64__
 	unsigned int stubs_section;	/* Index of stubs section in module */
 	unsigned int toc_section;	/* What section is the TOC? */
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
+	unsigned long toc;
+	unsigned long tramp;
+#endif
+
 #else
 	/* Indices of PLT sections within module. */
 	unsigned int core_plt_section;
@@ -68,6 +73,12 @@ struct mod_arch_specific {
 #    endif	/* MODULE */
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
+#    ifdef MODULE
+	asm(".section .ftrace.tramp,\"ax\",@nobits; .align 3; .previous");
+#    endif	/* MODULE */
+#endif
+
 
 struct exception_table_entry;
 void sort_ex_table(struct exception_table_entry *start,
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/ftrace.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/ftrace.c
index 1adfbb2..1aec559 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/ftrace.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/ftrace.c
@@ -10,22 +10,29 @@
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
 
 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
+#include <asm/code-patching.h>
 #include <asm/ftrace.h>
 
+#if 0
+#define DEBUGP printk
+#else
+#define DEBUGP(fmt , ...)	do { } while (0)
+#endif
 
-static unsigned int ftrace_nop = 0x60000000;
+static unsigned int ftrace_nop = PPC_NOP_INSTR;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC32
 # define GET_ADDR(addr) addr
 #else
 /* PowerPC64's functions are data that points to the functions */
-# define GET_ADDR(addr) *(unsigned long *)addr
+# define GET_ADDR(addr) (*(unsigned long *)addr)
 #endif

@@ -102,6 +109,9 @@ ftrace_modify_code(unsigned long ip, unsigned char *old_code,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Helper functions that are the same for both PPC64 and PPC32.
+ */
 static int test_24bit_addr(unsigned long ip, unsigned long addr)
 {
 	long diff;
@@ -119,43 +129,292 @@ static int test_24bit_addr(unsigned long ip, unsigned long addr)
 	return (diff < (1 << 25)) && (diff > (-1 << 26));
 }
 
+static int is_bl_op(unsigned int op)
+{
+	return (op & 0xfc000003) == 0x48000001;
+}
+
+static int test_offset(unsigned long offset)
+{
+	return (offset + 0x2000000 > 0x3ffffff) || ((offset & 3) != 0);
+}
+
+static unsigned long find_bl_target(unsigned long ip, unsigned int op)
+{
+	static int offset;
+
+	offset = (op & 0x03fffffc);
+	/* make it signed */
+	if (offset & 0x02000000)
+		offset |= 0xfe000000;
+
+	return ip + (long)offset;
+}
+
+static unsigned int branch_offset(unsigned long offset)
+{
+	/* return "bl ip+offset" */
+	return 0x48000001 | (offset & 0x03fffffc);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
+static int
+__ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod,
+		  struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
+{
+	unsigned char replaced[MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE * 2];
+	unsigned int *op = (unsigned *)&replaced;
+	unsigned char jmp[8];
+	unsigned long *ptr = (unsigned long *)&jmp;
+	unsigned long ip = rec->ip;
+	unsigned long tramp;
+	int offset;
+
+	/* read where this goes */
+	if (probe_kernel_read(replaced, (void *)ip, MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	/* Make sure that that this is still a 24bit jump */
+	if (!is_bl_op(*op)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "Not expected bl: opcode is %x\n", *op);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* lets find where the pointer goes */
+	tramp = find_bl_target(ip, *op);
+
+	/*
+	 * On PPC64 the trampoline looks like:
+	 * 0x3d, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00,    addis   r12,r2, <high>
+	 * 0x39, 0x8c, 0x00, 0x00,    addi    r12,r12, <low>
+	 *   Where the bytes 2,3,6 and 7 make up the 32bit offset
+	 *   to the TOC that holds the pointer.
+	 *   to jump to.
+	 * 0xf8, 0x41, 0x00, 0x28,    std     r2,40(r1)
+	 * 0xe9, 0x6c, 0x00, 0x20,    ld      r11,32(r12)
+	 *   The actually address is 32 bytes from the offset
+	 *   into the TOC.
+	 * 0xe8, 0x4c, 0x00, 0x28,    ld      r2,40(r12)
+	 */
+
+	DEBUGP("ip:%lx jumps to %lx r2: %lx", ip, tramp, mod->arch.toc);
+
+	/* Find where the trampoline jumps to */
+	if (probe_kernel_read(jmp, (void *)tramp, 8)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to read %lx\n", tramp);
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+
+	DEBUGP(" %08x %08x",
+	       (unsigned)(*ptr >> 32),
+	       (unsigned)*ptr);
+
+	offset = (unsigned)jmp[2] << 24 |
+		(unsigned)jmp[3] << 16 |
+		(unsigned)jmp[6] << 8 |
+		(unsigned)jmp[7];
+
+	DEBUGP(" %x ", offset);
+
+	/* get the address this jumps too */
+	tramp = mod->arch.toc + offset + 32;
+	DEBUGP("toc: %lx", tramp);
+
+	if (probe_kernel_read(jmp, (void *)tramp, 8)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to read %lx\n", tramp);
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+
+	DEBUGP(" %08x %08x\n",
+	       (unsigned)(*ptr >> 32),
+	       (unsigned)*ptr);
+
+	/* This should match what was called */
+	if (*ptr != GET_ADDR(addr)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "addr does not match %lx\n", *ptr);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We want to nop the line, but the next line is
+	 *  0xe8, 0x41, 0x00, 0x28   ld r2,40(r1)
+	 * This needs to be turned to a nop too.
+	 */
+	if (probe_kernel_read(replaced, (void *)(ip+4), MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	if (*op != 0xe8410028) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "Next line is not ld! (%08x)\n", *op);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Milton Miller pointed out that we can not blindly do nops.
+	 * If a task was preempted when calling a trace function,
+	 * the nops will remove the way to restore the TOC in r2
+	 * and the r2 TOC will get corrupted.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Replace:
+	 *   bl <tramp>  <==== will be replaced with "b 1f"
+	 *   ld r2,40(r1)
+	 *  1:
+	 */
+	op[0] = 0x48000008;	/* b +8 */
+
+	if (probe_kernel_write((void *)ip, replaced, MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#else /* !PPC64 */
+static int
+__ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod,
+		  struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
+{
+	/* Ignore modules for PPC32 (for now) */
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* PPC64 */
+
 int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod,
 		    struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
 {
 	unsigned char *old, *new;
+	unsigned long ip = rec->ip;
 
 	/*
 	 * If the calling address is more that 24 bits away,
 	 * then we had to use a trampoline to make the call.
 	 * Otherwise just update the call site.
 	 */
-	if (test_24bit_addr(rec->ip, addr)) {
+	if (test_24bit_addr(ip, addr)) {
 		/* within range */
-		old = ftrace_call_replace(rec->ip, addr);
+		old = ftrace_call_replace(ip, addr);
 		new = ftrace_nop_replace();
-		return ftrace_modify_code(rec->ip, old, new);
+		return ftrace_modify_code(ip, old, new);
+	}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
+	/*
+	 * Out of range jumps are called from modules.
+	 * We should either already have a pointer to the module
+	 * or it has been passed in.
+	 */
+	if (!rec->arch.mod) {
+		if (!mod) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "No module loaded addr=%lx\n",
+			       addr);
+			return -EFAULT;
+		}
+		rec->arch.mod = mod;
+	} else if (mod) {
+		if (mod != rec->arch.mod) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR
+			       "Record mod %p not equal to passed in mod %p\n",
+			       rec->arch.mod, mod);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		/* nothing to do if mod == rec->arch.mod */
+	} else
+		mod = rec->arch.mod;
+#endif /* CONFIG_PPC64 */
+
+	return __ftrace_make_nop(mod, rec, addr);
+
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
+static int
+__ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
+{
+	unsigned char replaced[MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE * 2];
+	unsigned int *op = (unsigned *)&replaced;
+	unsigned long ip = rec->ip;
+	unsigned long offset;
+
+	/* read where this goes */
+	if (probe_kernel_read(replaced, (void *)ip, MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE * 2))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	/*
+	 * It should be pointing to two nops or
+	 *  b +8; ld r2,40(r1)
+	 */
+	if (((op[0] != 0x48000008) || (op[1] != 0xe8410028)) &&
+	    ((op[0] != PPC_NOP_INSTR) || (op[1] != PPC_NOP_INSTR))) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "Expected NOPs but have %x %x\n", op[0], op[1]);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* If we never set up a trampoline to ftrace_caller, then bail */
+	if (!rec->arch.mod->arch.tramp) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "No ftrace trampoline\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* now calculate a jump to the ftrace caller trampoline */
+	offset = rec->arch.mod->arch.tramp - ip;
+
+	if (test_offset(offset)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "REL24 %li out of range!\n",
+		       (long int)offset);
+		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
+	/* Set to "bl addr" */
+	op[0] = branch_offset(offset);
+	/* ld r2,40(r1) */
+	op[1] = 0xe8410028;
+
+	DEBUGP("write to %lx\n", rec->ip);
+
+	if (probe_kernel_write((void *)ip, replaced, MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE * 2))
+		return -EPERM;
+
 	return 0;
 }
+#else
+static int
+__ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
+{
+	/* PPC32 ignores modules for now */
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_PPC64 */
 
 int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
 {
 	unsigned char *old, *new;
+	unsigned long ip = rec->ip;
 
 	/*
 	 * If the calling address is more that 24 bits away,
 	 * then we had to use a trampoline to make the call.
 	 * Otherwise just update the call site.
 	 */
-	if (test_24bit_addr(rec->ip, addr)) {
+	if (test_24bit_addr(ip, addr)) {
 		/* within range */
 		old = ftrace_nop_replace();
-		new = ftrace_call_replace(rec->ip, addr);
-		return ftrace_modify_code(rec->ip, old, new);
+		new = ftrace_call_replace(ip, addr);
+		return ftrace_modify_code(ip, old, new);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
+	/*
+	 * Out of range jumps are called from modules.
+	 * Being that we are converting from nop, it had better
+	 * already have a module defined.
+	 */
+	if (!rec->arch.mod) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "No module loaded\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	return __ftrace_make_call(rec, addr);
 }
 
 int ftrace_update_ftrace_func(ftrace_func_t func)
@@ -180,4 +439,3 @@ int __init ftrace_dyn_arch_init(void *data)
 
 	return 0;
 }
-
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/module_64.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/module_64.c
index 1af2377..8992b03 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/module_64.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/module_64.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <linux/moduleloader.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/ftrace.h>
 #include <linux/bug.h>
 #include <asm/module.h>
 #include <asm/firmware.h>
@@ -163,6 +164,11 @@ static unsigned long get_stubs_size(const Elf64_Ehdr *hdr,
 		}
 	}
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
+	/* make the trampoline to the ftrace_caller */
+	relocs++;
+#endif
+
 	DEBUGP("Looks like a total of %lu stubs, max\n", relocs);
 	return relocs * sizeof(struct ppc64_stub_entry);
 }
@@ -441,5 +447,12 @@ int apply_relocate_add(Elf64_Shdr *sechdrs,
 		}
 	}
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
+	me->arch.toc = my_r2(sechdrs, me);
+	me->arch.tramp = stub_for_addr(sechdrs,
+				       (unsigned long)ftrace_caller,
+				       me);
+#endif
+
 	return 0;
 }
-- 
1.5.6.5

--