Subject: [PATCH v4 1/3] can: kvaser_usb: Fix tx queue start/stop race conditions

From: "Ahmed S. Darwish" <[email-masked]>
Date: Sat, 14 Mar 2015 09:02:49 -0400

From: Ahmed S. Darwish <[email-masked]>

A number of tx queue wake-up events went missing due to the
outlined scenario below. Start state is a pool of 16 tx URBs,
active tx_urbs count = 15, with the netdev tx queue open.

CPU #1 [softirq]                         CPU #2 [softirq]
start_xmit()                             tx_acknowledge()
................                         ................

atomic_inc(&tx_urbs);
if (atomic_read(&tx_urbs) >= 16) {
                        -->
                                         atomic_dec(&tx_urbs);
                                         netif_wake_queue();
                                         return;
                        <--
    netif_stop_queue();
}

At the end, the correct state expected is a 15 tx_urbs count
value with the tx queue state _open_. Due to the race, we get
the same tx_urbs value but with the tx queue state _stopped_.
The wake-up event is completely lost.

Thus avoid hand-rolled concurrency mechanisms and use a proper
lock for contexts and tx queue protection.

Signed-off-by: Ahmed S. Darwish <[email-masked]>
---
 drivers/net/can/usb/kvaser_usb.c | 83 ++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

Changelog v4:
-------------

Improve the commit log not to give the impression of a
softirq preempting another softirq, which can never happen. The
race condition occurs by having the softirqs running in parallel.

For why are we waking up the queue inside the newly created
critical section, kindly check the explanation here:

	http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1907377
	Archived at: http://www.webcitation.org/6X1SNi708

Meanwhile, I've been running the driver for 30 hours now under
very heavy and ordered "cangen -Di" traffic from both ends.
Analyzing the tens of gigabytes candump traces (generated, in
parallel, using in-kernel CAN ID filters to avoid SO_RXQ_OVFL
overflows) shows that all the frames were sent and received in
the expected sequence.

Changelog v3:
-------------

Add missing spin_lock_init(). Run driver tests with locking
and memory management debugging options on.

Changelog v2:
-------------

Put this bugfix patch at the top of the series

diff --git a/drivers/net/can/usb/kvaser_usb.c b/drivers/net/can/usb/kvaser_usb.c
index a316fa4..e97a08c 100644
--- a/drivers/net/can/usb/kvaser_usb.c
+++ b/drivers/net/can/usb/kvaser_usb.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2015 Valeo S.A.
  */
 
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/completion.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
@@ -467,10 +468,11 @@ struct kvaser_usb {
 struct kvaser_usb_net_priv {
 	struct can_priv can;
 
-	atomic_t active_tx_urbs;
-	struct usb_anchor tx_submitted;
+	spinlock_t tx_contexts_lock;
+	int active_tx_contexts;
 	struct kvaser_usb_tx_urb_context tx_contexts[MAX_TX_URBS];
 
+	struct usb_anchor tx_submitted;
 	struct completion start_comp, stop_comp;
 
 	struct kvaser_usb *dev;
@@ -694,6 +696,7 @@ static void kvaser_usb_tx_acknowledge(const struct kvaser_usb *dev,
 	struct kvaser_usb_net_priv *priv;
 	struct sk_buff *skb;
 	struct can_frame *cf;
+	unsigned long flags;
 	u8 channel, tid;
 
 	channel = msg->u.tx_acknowledge_header.channel;
@@ -737,12 +740,15 @@ static void kvaser_usb_tx_acknowledge(const struct kvaser_usb *dev,
 
 	stats->tx_packets++;
 	stats->tx_bytes += context->dlc;
-	can_get_echo_skb(priv->netdev, context->echo_index);
 
-	context->echo_index = MAX_TX_URBS;
-	atomic_dec(&priv->active_tx_urbs);
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->tx_contexts_lock, flags);
 
+	can_get_echo_skb(priv->netdev, context->echo_index);
+	context->echo_index = MAX_TX_URBS;
+	--priv->active_tx_contexts;
 	netif_wake_queue(priv->netdev);
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->tx_contexts_lock, flags);
 }
 
 static void kvaser_usb_simple_msg_callback(struct urb *urb)
@@ -803,17 +809,6 @@ static int kvaser_usb_simple_msg_async(struct kvaser_usb_net_priv *priv,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void kvaser_usb_unlink_tx_urbs(struct kvaser_usb_net_priv *priv)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	usb_kill_anchored_urbs(&priv->tx_submitted);
-	atomic_set(&priv->active_tx_urbs, 0);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < MAX_TX_URBS; i++)
-		priv->tx_contexts[i].echo_index = MAX_TX_URBS;
-}
-
 static void kvaser_usb_rx_error_update_can_state(struct kvaser_usb_net_priv *priv,
 						 const struct kvaser_usb_error_summary *es,
 						 struct can_frame *cf)
@@ -1515,6 +1510,24 @@ error:
 	return err;
 }
 
+static void kvaser_usb_reset_tx_urb_contexts(struct kvaser_usb_net_priv *priv)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	priv->active_tx_contexts = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < MAX_TX_URBS; i++)
+		priv->tx_contexts[i].echo_index = MAX_TX_URBS;
+}
+
+/* This method might sleep. Do not call it in the atomic context
+ * of URB completions.
+ */
+static void kvaser_usb_unlink_tx_urbs(struct kvaser_usb_net_priv *priv)
+{
+	usb_kill_anchored_urbs(&priv->tx_submitted);
+	kvaser_usb_reset_tx_urb_contexts(priv);
+}
+
 static void kvaser_usb_unlink_all_urbs(struct kvaser_usb *dev)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1634,6 +1647,7 @@ static netdev_tx_t kvaser_usb_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb,
 	struct kvaser_msg *msg;
 	int i, err, ret = NETDEV_TX_OK;
 	u8 *msg_tx_can_flags = NULL;		/* GCC */
+	unsigned long flags;
 
 	if (can_dropped_invalid_skb(netdev, skb))
 		return NETDEV_TX_OK;
@@ -1687,12 +1701,21 @@ static netdev_tx_t kvaser_usb_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb,
 	if (cf->can_id & CAN_RTR_FLAG)
 		*msg_tx_can_flags |= MSG_FLAG_REMOTE_FRAME;
 
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->tx_contexts_lock, flags);
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(priv->tx_contexts); i++) {
 		if (priv->tx_contexts[i].echo_index == MAX_TX_URBS) {
 			context = &priv->tx_contexts[i];
+
+			context->echo_index = i;
+			can_put_echo_skb(skb, netdev, context->echo_index);
+			++priv->active_tx_contexts;
+			if (priv->active_tx_contexts >= MAX_TX_URBS)
+				netif_stop_queue(netdev);
+
 			break;
 		}
 	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->tx_contexts_lock, flags);
 
 	/* This should never happen; it implies a flow control bug */
 	if (!context) {
@@ -1704,7 +1727,6 @@ static netdev_tx_t kvaser_usb_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb,
 	}
 
 	context->priv = priv;
-	context->echo_index = i;
 	context->dlc = cf->can_dlc;
 
 	msg->u.tx_can.tid = context->echo_index;
@@ -1716,18 +1738,17 @@ static netdev_tx_t kvaser_usb_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb,
 			  kvaser_usb_write_bulk_callback, context);
 	usb_anchor_urb(urb, &priv->tx_submitted);
 
-	can_put_echo_skb(skb, netdev, context->echo_index);
-
-	atomic_inc(&priv->active_tx_urbs);
-
-	if (atomic_read(&priv->active_tx_urbs) >= MAX_TX_URBS)
-		netif_stop_queue(netdev);
-
 	err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
 	if (unlikely(err)) {
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->tx_contexts_lock, flags);
+
 		can_free_echo_skb(netdev, context->echo_index);
+		context->echo_index = MAX_TX_URBS;
+		--priv->active_tx_contexts;
+		netif_wake_queue(netdev);
+
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->tx_contexts_lock, flags);
 
-		atomic_dec(&priv->active_tx_urbs);
 		usb_unanchor_urb(urb);
 
 		stats->tx_dropped++;
@@ -1854,7 +1875,7 @@ static int kvaser_usb_init_one(struct usb_interface *intf,
 	struct kvaser_usb *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
 	struct net_device *netdev;
 	struct kvaser_usb_net_priv *priv;
-	int i, err;
+	int err;
 
 	err = kvaser_usb_send_simple_msg(dev, CMD_RESET_CHIP, channel);
 	if (err)
@@ -1868,19 +1889,17 @@ static int kvaser_usb_init_one(struct usb_interface *intf,
 
 	priv = netdev_priv(netdev);
 
+	init_usb_anchor(&priv->tx_submitted);
 	init_completion(&priv->start_comp);
 	init_completion(&priv->stop_comp);
 
-	init_usb_anchor(&priv->tx_submitted);
-	atomic_set(&priv->active_tx_urbs, 0);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(priv->tx_contexts); i++)
-		priv->tx_contexts[i].echo_index = MAX_TX_URBS;
-
 	priv->dev = dev;
 	priv->netdev = netdev;
 	priv->channel = channel;
 
+	spin_lock_init(&priv->tx_contexts_lock);
+	kvaser_usb_reset_tx_urb_contexts(priv);
+
 	priv->can.state = CAN_STATE_STOPPED;
 	priv->can.clock.freq = CAN_USB_CLOCK;
 	priv->can.bittiming_const = &kvaser_usb_bittiming_const;
-- 
1.9.1