Subject: [PATCH bpf-next 1/4] bpf: fix lockdep false positive in percpu_freelist

From: Alexei Starovoitov <[email-masked]>
Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2019 20:04:55 -0800

Lockdep warns about false positive:
[   12.492084] 00000000e6b28347 (&head->lock){+...}, at: pcpu_freelist_push+0x2a/0x40
[   12.492696] but this lock was taken by another, HARDIRQ-safe lock in the past:
[   12.493275]  (&rq->lock){-.-.}
[   12.493276]
[   12.493276]
[   12.493276] and interrupts could create inverse lock ordering between them.
[   12.493276]
[   12.494435]
[   12.494435] other info that might help us debug this:
[   12.494979]  Possible interrupt unsafe locking scenario:
[   12.494979]
[   12.495518]        CPU0                    CPU1
[   12.495879]        ----                    ----
[   12.496243]   lock(&head->lock);
[   12.496502]                                local_irq_disable();
[   12.496969]                                lock(&rq->lock);
[   12.497431]                                lock(&head->lock);
[   12.497890]   <Interrupt>
[   12.498104]     lock(&rq->lock);
[   12.498368]
[   12.498368]  *** DEADLOCK ***
[   12.498368]
[   12.498837] 1 lock held by dd/276:
[   12.499110]  #0: 00000000c58cb2ee (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: trace_call_bpf+0x5e/0x240
[   12.499747]
[   12.499747] the shortest dependencies between 2nd lock and 1st lock:
[   12.500389]  -> (&rq->lock){-.-.} {
[   12.500669]     IN-HARDIRQ-W at:
[   12.500934]                       _raw_spin_lock+0x2f/0x40
[   12.501373]                       scheduler_tick+0x4c/0xf0
[   12.501812]                       update_process_times+0x40/0x50
[   12.502294]                       tick_periodic+0x27/0xb0
[   12.502723]                       tick_handle_periodic+0x1f/0x60
[   12.503203]                       timer_interrupt+0x11/0x20
[   12.503651]                       __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x43/0x2c0
[   12.504167]                       handle_irq_event_percpu+0x20/0x50
[   12.504674]                       handle_irq_event+0x37/0x60
[   12.505139]                       handle_level_irq+0xa7/0x120
[   12.505601]                       handle_irq+0xa1/0x150
[   12.506018]                       do_IRQ+0x77/0x140
[   12.506411]                       ret_from_intr+0x0/0x1d
[   12.506834]                       _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x53/0x60
[   12.507362]                       __setup_irq+0x481/0x730
[   12.507789]                       setup_irq+0x49/0x80
[   12.508195]                       hpet_time_init+0x21/0x32
[   12.508644]                       x86_late_time_init+0xb/0x16
[   12.509106]                       start_kernel+0x390/0x42a
[   12.509554]                       secondary_startup_64+0xa4/0xb0
[   12.510034]     IN-SOFTIRQ-W at:
[   12.510305]                       _raw_spin_lock+0x2f/0x40
[   12.510772]                       try_to_wake_up+0x1c7/0x4e0
[   12.511220]                       swake_up_locked+0x20/0x40
[   12.511657]                       swake_up_one+0x1a/0x30
[   12.512070]                       rcu_process_callbacks+0xc5/0x650
[   12.512553]                       __do_softirq+0xe6/0x47b
[   12.512978]                       irq_exit+0xc3/0xd0
[   12.513372]                       smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa9/0x250
[   12.513876]                       apic_timer_interrupt+0xf/0x20
[   12.514343]                       default_idle+0x1c/0x170
[   12.514765]                       do_idle+0x199/0x240
[   12.515159]                       cpu_startup_entry+0x19/0x20
[   12.515614]                       start_kernel+0x422/0x42a
[   12.516045]                       secondary_startup_64+0xa4/0xb0
[   12.516521]     INITIAL USE at:
[   12.516774]                      _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x38/0x50
[   12.517258]                      rq_attach_root+0x16/0xd0
[   12.517685]                      sched_init+0x2f2/0x3eb
[   12.518096]                      start_kernel+0x1fb/0x42a
[   12.518525]                      secondary_startup_64+0xa4/0xb0
[   12.518986]   }
[   12.519132]   ... key      at: [<ffffffff82b7bc28>] __key.71384+0x0/0x8
[   12.519649]   ... acquired at:
[   12.519892]    pcpu_freelist_pop+0x7b/0xd0
[   12.520221]    bpf_get_stackid+0x1d2/0x4d0
[   12.520563]    ___bpf_prog_run+0x8b4/0x11a0
[   12.520887]
[   12.521008] -> (&head->lock){+...} {
[   12.521292]    HARDIRQ-ON-W at:
[   12.521539]                     _raw_spin_lock+0x2f/0x40
[   12.521950]                     pcpu_freelist_push+0x2a/0x40
[   12.522396]                     bpf_get_stackid+0x494/0x4d0
[   12.522828]                     ___bpf_prog_run+0x8b4/0x11a0
[   12.523296]    INITIAL USE at:
[   12.523537]                    _raw_spin_lock+0x2f/0x40
[   12.523944]                    pcpu_freelist_populate+0xc0/0x120
[   12.524417]                    htab_map_alloc+0x405/0x500
[   12.524835]                    __do_sys_bpf+0x1a3/0x1a90
[   12.525253]                    do_syscall_64+0x4a/0x180
[   12.525659]                    entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe
[   12.526167]  }
[   12.526311]  ... key      at: [<ffffffff838f7668>] __key.13130+0x0/0x8
[   12.526812]  ... acquired at:
[   12.527047]    __lock_acquire+0x521/0x1350
[   12.527371]    lock_acquire+0x98/0x190
[   12.527680]    _raw_spin_lock+0x2f/0x40
[   12.527994]    pcpu_freelist_push+0x2a/0x40
[   12.528325]    bpf_get_stackid+0x494/0x4d0
[   12.528645]    ___bpf_prog_run+0x8b4/0x11a0
[   12.528970]
[   12.529092]
[   12.529092] stack backtrace:
[   12.529444] CPU: 0 PID: 276 Comm: dd Not tainted 5.0.0-rc3-00018-g2fa53f892422 #475
[   12.530043] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.11.0-2.el7 04/01/2014
[   12.530750] Call Trace:
[   12.530948]  dump_stack+0x5f/0x8b
[   12.531248]  check_usage_backwards+0x10c/0x120
[   12.531598]  ? ___bpf_prog_run+0x8b4/0x11a0
[   12.531935]  ? mark_lock+0x382/0x560
[   12.532229]  mark_lock+0x382/0x560
[   12.532496]  ? print_shortest_lock_dependencies+0x180/0x180
[   12.532928]  __lock_acquire+0x521/0x1350
[   12.533271]  ? find_get_entry+0x17f/0x2e0
[   12.533586]  ? find_get_entry+0x19c/0x2e0
[   12.533902]  ? lock_acquire+0x98/0x190
[   12.534196]  lock_acquire+0x98/0x190
[   12.534482]  ? pcpu_freelist_push+0x2a/0x40
[   12.534810]  _raw_spin_lock+0x2f/0x40
[   12.535099]  ? pcpu_freelist_push+0x2a/0x40
[   12.535432]  pcpu_freelist_push+0x2a/0x40
[   12.535750]  bpf_get_stackid+0x494/0x4d0
[   12.536062]  ___bpf_prog_run+0x8b4/0x11a0

It has been explained that is a false positive here:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/7/25/756
Recap:
- stackmap uses pcpu_freelist
- The lock in pcpu_freelist is a percpu lock
- stackmap is only used by tracing bpf_prog
- A tracing bpf_prog cannot be run if another bpf_prog
  has already been running (ensured by the percpu bpf_prog_active counter).

Eric pointed out that this lockdep splats stops other
legit lockdep splats in selftests/bpf/test_progs.c.

Fix this by calling local_irq_save/restore for stackmap.

Another false positive had also been worked around by calling
local_irq_save in commit 89ad2fa3f043 ("bpf: fix lockdep splat").
That commit added unnecessary irq_save/restore to fast path of
bpf hash map. irqs are already disabled at that point, since htab
is holding per bucket spin_lock with irqsave.

Let's reduce overhead for htab by introducing __pcpu_freelist_push/pop
function w/o irqsave and convert pcpu_freelist_push/pop to irqsave
to be used elsewhere (right now only in stackmap).
It stops lockdep false positive in stackmap with a bit of acceptable overhead.

Fixes: 557c0c6e7df8 ("bpf: convert stackmap to pre-allocation")
Reported-by: Naresh Kamboju <[email-masked]>
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <[email-masked]>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <[email-masked]>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <[email-masked]>
---
 kernel/bpf/hashtab.c         |  4 ++--
 kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.c | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.h |  4 ++++
 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/hashtab.c b/kernel/bpf/hashtab.c
index 4b7c76765d9d..f9274114c88d 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/hashtab.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/hashtab.c
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ static void free_htab_elem(struct bpf_htab *htab, struct htab_elem *l)
 	}
 
 	if (htab_is_prealloc(htab)) {
-		pcpu_freelist_push(&htab->freelist, &l->fnode);
+		__pcpu_freelist_push(&htab->freelist, &l->fnode);
 	} else {
 		atomic_dec(&htab->count);
 		l->htab = htab;
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ static struct htab_elem *alloc_htab_elem(struct bpf_htab *htab, void *key,
 		} else {
 			struct pcpu_freelist_node *l;
 
-			l = pcpu_freelist_pop(&htab->freelist);
+			l = __pcpu_freelist_pop(&htab->freelist);
 			if (!l)
 				return ERR_PTR(-E2BIG);
 			l_new = container_of(l, struct htab_elem, fnode);
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.c b/kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.c
index 673fa6fe2d73..0c1b4ba9e90e 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.c
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ void pcpu_freelist_destroy(struct pcpu_freelist *s)
 	free_percpu(s->freelist);
 }
 
-static inline void __pcpu_freelist_push(struct pcpu_freelist_head *head,
-					struct pcpu_freelist_node *node)
+static inline void ___pcpu_freelist_push(struct pcpu_freelist_head *head,
+					 struct pcpu_freelist_node *node)
 {
 	raw_spin_lock(&head->lock);
 	node->next = head->first;
@@ -37,12 +37,22 @@ static inline void __pcpu_freelist_push(struct pcpu_freelist_head *head,
 	raw_spin_unlock(&head->lock);
 }
 
-void pcpu_freelist_push(struct pcpu_freelist *s,
+void __pcpu_freelist_push(struct pcpu_freelist *s,
 			struct pcpu_freelist_node *node)
 {
 	struct pcpu_freelist_head *head = this_cpu_ptr(s->freelist);
 
-	__pcpu_freelist_push(head, node);
+	___pcpu_freelist_push(head, node);
+}
+
+void pcpu_freelist_push(struct pcpu_freelist *s,
+			struct pcpu_freelist_node *node)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	__pcpu_freelist_push(s, node);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
 }
 
 void pcpu_freelist_populate(struct pcpu_freelist *s, void *buf, u32 elem_size,
@@ -63,7 +73,7 @@ void pcpu_freelist_populate(struct pcpu_freelist *s, void *buf, u32 elem_size,
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
 again:
 		head = per_cpu_ptr(s->freelist, cpu);
-		__pcpu_freelist_push(head, buf);
+		___pcpu_freelist_push(head, buf);
 		i++;
 		buf += elem_size;
 		if (i == nr_elems)
@@ -74,14 +84,12 @@ void pcpu_freelist_populate(struct pcpu_freelist *s, void *buf, u32 elem_size,
 	local_irq_restore(flags);
 }
 
-struct pcpu_freelist_node *pcpu_freelist_pop(struct pcpu_freelist *s)
+struct pcpu_freelist_node *__pcpu_freelist_pop(struct pcpu_freelist *s)
 {
 	struct pcpu_freelist_head *head;
 	struct pcpu_freelist_node *node;
-	unsigned long flags;
 	int orig_cpu, cpu;
 
-	local_irq_save(flags);
 	orig_cpu = cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
 	while (1) {
 		head = per_cpu_ptr(s->freelist, cpu);
@@ -89,16 +97,25 @@ struct pcpu_freelist_node *pcpu_freelist_pop(struct pcpu_freelist *s)
 		node = head->first;
 		if (node) {
 			head->first = node->next;
-			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&head->lock, flags);
+			raw_spin_unlock(&head->lock);
 			return node;
 		}
 		raw_spin_unlock(&head->lock);
 		cpu = cpumask_next(cpu, cpu_possible_mask);
 		if (cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
 			cpu = 0;
-		if (cpu == orig_cpu) {
-			local_irq_restore(flags);
+		if (cpu == orig_cpu)
 			return NULL;
-		}
 	}
 }
+
+struct pcpu_freelist_node *pcpu_freelist_pop(struct pcpu_freelist *s)
+{
+	struct pcpu_freelist_node *ret;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	ret = __pcpu_freelist_pop(s);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.h b/kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.h
index 3049aae8ea1e..c3960118e617 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.h
+++ b/kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.h
@@ -22,8 +22,12 @@ struct pcpu_freelist_node {
 	struct pcpu_freelist_node *next;
 };
 
+/* pcpu_freelist_* do spin_lock_irqsave. */
 void pcpu_freelist_push(struct pcpu_freelist *, struct pcpu_freelist_node *);
 struct pcpu_freelist_node *pcpu_freelist_pop(struct pcpu_freelist *);
+/* __pcpu_freelist_* do spin_lock only. caller must disable irqs. */
+void __pcpu_freelist_push(struct pcpu_freelist *, struct pcpu_freelist_node *);
+struct pcpu_freelist_node *__pcpu_freelist_pop(struct pcpu_freelist *);
 void pcpu_freelist_populate(struct pcpu_freelist *s, void *buf, u32 elem_size,
 			    u32 nr_elems);
 int pcpu_freelist_init(struct pcpu_freelist *);
-- 
2.20.0