Subject: [PATCH net-next v2 2/2] selftests: net: add ECMP rehash test

From: Neil Spring <[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 00:05:14 -0700

Add ecmp_rehash.sh to exercise TCP ECMP path re-selection on
retransmission timeout.  Three tests cover client SYN rehash, server
SYN/ACK rehash, and midstream RTO rehash of an established connection
over a two-path ECMP topology with one leg blocked by tc.

The SYN test retries 26 times, so has a false negative probability
of ~(1/2)^25 ≈ 3e-8.

Signed-off-by: Neil Spring <[email-masked]>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile       |   1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/net/ecmp_rehash.sh | 361 +++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 362 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/net/ecmp_rehash.sh

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile
index 6bced3ed798b..acc61a51d7e2 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ TEST_PROGS := \
 	cmsg_time.sh \
 	double_udp_encap.sh \
 	drop_monitor_tests.sh \
+	ecmp_rehash.sh \
 	fcnal-ipv4.sh \
 	fcnal-ipv6.sh \
 	fcnal-other.sh \
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/ecmp_rehash.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/ecmp_rehash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..a468ccf22d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/ecmp_rehash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#
+# Test ECMP path re-selection on TCP retransmission timeout.
+#
+# Two namespaces connected by two parallel veth pairs with a 2-way ECMP
+# route.  When a TCP path is blocked (via tc drop), RTO triggers
+# sk_rethink_txhash() + sk_dst_reset(), causing the next route lookup
+# to select the other ECMP path.
+#
+# False negative: ~(1/2)^25 ≈ 3e-8.  With tcp_syn_retries=25 and
+# tcp_syn_linear_timeouts=25 there are 26 SYN attempts at 1-second
+# intervals, each choosing one of 2 paths uniformly.
+
+source lib.sh
+
+SUBNETS=(a b)
+PORT=9900
+
+ALL_TESTS="
+	test_ecmp_rto_rehash
+	test_ecmp_synack_rehash
+	test_ecmp_midstream_rehash
+"
+
+link_tx_packets_get()
+{
+	local ns=$1; shift
+	local dev=$1; shift
+
+	ip netns exec "$ns" cat "/sys/class/net/$dev/statistics/tx_packets"
+}
+
+# Return the number of packets matched by the tc filter action on a device.
+# When tc drops packets via "action drop", the device's tx_packets is not
+# incremented (packet never reaches veth_xmit), but the tc action maintains
+# its own counter.
+tc_filter_pkt_count()
+{
+	local ns=$1; shift
+	local dev=$1; shift
+
+	ip netns exec "$ns" tc -s filter show dev "$dev" parent 1: 2>/dev/null |
+		awk '/Sent .* pkt/ { for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) if ($i=="pkt") { print $(i-1); exit } }'
+}
+
+# Read TcpTimeoutRehash counter from /proc/net/netstat in a namespace.
+# This counter increments in tcp_write_timeout() on every RTO that triggers
+# sk_rethink_txhash().
+get_timeout_rehash_count()
+{
+	local ns=$1; shift
+
+	ip netns exec "$ns" awk '
+		/^TcpExt:/ {
+			if (!h) { split($0, n); h=1 }
+			else {
+				split($0, v)
+				for (i in n)
+					if (n[i] == "TcpTimeoutRehash") print v[i]
+			}
+		}
+	' /proc/net/netstat
+}
+
+# Block TCP (IPv6 next-header = 6) egress, allowing ICMPv6 through.
+block_tcp()
+{
+	local ns=$1; shift
+	local dev=$1; shift
+
+	ip netns exec "$ns" tc qdisc add dev "$dev" root handle 1: prio
+	ip netns exec "$ns" tc filter add dev "$dev" parent 1: \
+		protocol ipv6 prio 1 u32 match u8 0x06 0xff at 6 action drop
+}
+
+unblock_tcp()
+{
+	local ns=$1; shift
+	local dev=$1; shift
+
+	ip netns exec "$ns" tc qdisc del dev "$dev" root 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# Return success when both devices have dropped at least one TCP packet.
+both_devs_attempted()
+{
+	local ns=$1; shift
+	local dev0=$1; shift
+	local dev1=$1; shift
+
+	local c0 c1
+	c0=$(tc_filter_pkt_count "$ns" "$dev0")
+	c1=$(tc_filter_pkt_count "$ns" "$dev1")
+	[ "${c0:-0}" -ge 1 ] && [ "${c1:-0}" -ge 1 ]
+}
+
+setup()
+{
+	setup_ns NS1 NS2
+
+	local ns
+	for ns in "$NS1" "$NS2"; do
+		ip netns exec "$ns" sysctl -qw net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_dad=0
+		ip netns exec "$ns" sysctl -qw net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_dad=0
+		ip netns exec "$ns" sysctl -qw net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
+		ip netns exec "$ns" sysctl -qw net.core.txrehash=1
+	done
+
+	local i sub
+	for i in 0 1; do
+		sub=${SUBNETS[$i]}
+		ip link add "veth${i}a" type veth peer name "veth${i}b"
+		ip link set "veth${i}a" netns "$NS1"
+		ip link set "veth${i}b" netns "$NS2"
+		ip -n "$NS1" addr add "fd00:${sub}::1/64" dev "veth${i}a"
+		ip -n "$NS2" addr add "fd00:${sub}::2/64" dev "veth${i}b"
+		ip -n "$NS1" link set "veth${i}a" up
+		ip -n "$NS2" link set "veth${i}b" up
+	done
+
+	ip -n "$NS1" addr add fd00:ff::1/128 dev lo
+	ip -n "$NS2" addr add fd00:ff::2/128 dev lo
+
+	# Allow many SYN retries at 1-second intervals (linear, no
+	# exponential backoff) so the rehash test has enough attempts
+	# to exercise both ECMP paths.  tcp_syn_retries is a pure
+	# retransmission count (not time-based for SYN_SENT), so with
+	# linear 1-second intervals it also sets the total lifetime.
+	ip netns exec "$NS1" sysctl -qw net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries=25
+	ip netns exec "$NS1" sysctl -qw net.ipv4.tcp_syn_linear_timeouts=25
+
+	# Keep the server's request socket alive during the blocking
+	# period so SYN/ACK retransmits continue.
+	ip netns exec "$NS2" sysctl -qw net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=10
+
+	ip -n "$NS1" -6 route add fd00:ff::2/128 \
+		nexthop via fd00:a::2 dev veth0a \
+		nexthop via fd00:b::2 dev veth1a
+
+	ip -n "$NS2" -6 route add fd00:ff::1/128 \
+		nexthop via fd00:a::1 dev veth0b \
+		nexthop via fd00:b::1 dev veth1b
+
+	for i in 0 1; do
+		sub=${SUBNETS[$i]}
+		ip netns exec "$NS1" \
+			ping -6 -c1 -W5 "fd00:${sub}::2" &>/dev/null
+		ip netns exec "$NS2" \
+			ping -6 -c1 -W5 "fd00:${sub}::1" &>/dev/null
+	done
+
+	if ! ip netns exec "$NS1" ping -6 -c1 -W5 fd00:ff::2 &>/dev/null; then
+		echo "Basic connectivity check failed"
+		return $ksft_skip
+	fi
+}
+
+# Block ALL paths, start a connection, wait until SYNs have been dropped
+# on both interfaces (proving rehash steered the SYN to a new path), then
+# unblock so the connection completes.
+test_ecmp_rto_rehash()
+{
+	RET=0
+
+	block_tcp "$NS1" veth0a
+	defer unblock_tcp "$NS1" veth0a
+	block_tcp "$NS1" veth1a
+	defer unblock_tcp "$NS1" veth1a
+
+	ip netns exec "$NS2" socat \
+		"TCP6-LISTEN:$PORT,bind=[fd00:ff::2],reuseaddr,fork" \
+		EXEC:"echo ESTABLISH_OK" &
+	defer kill_process $!
+
+	wait_local_port_listen "$NS2" $PORT tcp
+
+	local rehash_before
+	rehash_before=$(get_timeout_rehash_count "$NS1")
+
+	# Start the connection in the background; it will retry SYNs at
+	# 1-second intervals until an unblocked path is found.
+	# Use -u (unidirectional) to only receive from the server;
+	# sending data back would risk SIGPIPE if the server's EXEC
+	# child has already exited.
+	ip netns exec "$NS1" socat -u \
+		"TCP6:[fd00:ff::2]:$PORT,bind=[fd00:ff::1],connect-timeout=60" \
+		STDOUT >"/tmp/ecmp_rto_$$" 2>&1 &
+	local client_pid=$!
+	defer kill_process $client_pid
+
+	# Wait until both paths have seen at least one dropped SYN.
+	# This proves sk_rethink_txhash() rehashed the connection from
+	# one ECMP path to the other.
+	slowwait 30 both_devs_attempted "$NS1" veth0a veth1a
+	check_err $? "SYNs did not appear on both paths (rehash not working)"
+	if [ $RET -ne 0 ]; then
+		log_test "ECMP RTO rehash: establish with blocked paths"
+		return
+	fi
+
+	# Unblock both paths and let the next SYN retransmit succeed.
+	unblock_tcp "$NS1" veth0a
+	unblock_tcp "$NS1" veth1a
+
+	local rc=0
+	wait $client_pid || rc=$?
+
+	local result
+	result=$(cat "/tmp/ecmp_rto_$$" 2>/dev/null)
+	rm -f "/tmp/ecmp_rto_$$"
+
+	if [[ "$result" != *"ESTABLISH_OK"* ]]; then
+		check_err 1 "connection failed after unblocking (rc=$rc): $result"
+	fi
+
+	local rehash_after
+	rehash_after=$(get_timeout_rehash_count "$NS1")
+	if [ "$rehash_after" -le "$rehash_before" ]; then
+		check_err 1 "TcpTimeoutRehash counter did not increment"
+	fi
+
+	log_test "ECMP RTO rehash: establish with blocked paths"
+}
+
+# Block the server's return paths so SYN/ACKs are dropped.  The client
+# retransmits SYNs at 1-second intervals; each duplicate SYN arriving at
+# the server updates ir_iif to match the new arrival interface, so the
+# retransmitted SYN/ACK routes back via the interface the SYN arrived on.
+test_ecmp_synack_rehash()
+{
+	RET=0
+	local port=$((PORT + 2))
+
+	block_tcp "$NS2" veth0b
+	defer unblock_tcp "$NS2" veth0b
+	block_tcp "$NS2" veth1b
+	defer unblock_tcp "$NS2" veth1b
+
+	ip netns exec "$NS2" socat \
+		"TCP6-LISTEN:$port,bind=[fd00:ff::2],reuseaddr,fork" \
+		EXEC:"echo SYNACK_OK" &
+	defer kill_process $!
+
+	wait_local_port_listen "$NS2" $port tcp
+
+	# Start the connection; SYNs reach the server (client egress is
+	# open) but SYN/ACKs are dropped on the server's return path.
+	ip netns exec "$NS1" socat -u \
+		"TCP6:[fd00:ff::2]:$port,bind=[fd00:ff::1],connect-timeout=60" \
+		STDOUT >"/tmp/ecmp_synack_$$" 2>&1 &
+	local client_pid=$!
+	defer kill_process $client_pid
+
+	# Wait until both server-side interfaces have dropped at least
+	# one SYN/ACK, proving the server rehashed its return path.
+	slowwait 30 both_devs_attempted "$NS2" veth0b veth1b
+	check_err $? "SYN/ACKs did not appear on both return paths"
+	if [ $RET -ne 0 ]; then
+		log_test "ECMP SYN/ACK rehash: blocked return path"
+		return
+	fi
+
+	# Unblock and let the connection complete.
+	unblock_tcp "$NS2" veth0b
+	unblock_tcp "$NS2" veth1b
+
+	local rc=0
+	wait $client_pid || rc=$?
+
+	local result
+	result=$(cat "/tmp/ecmp_synack_$$" 2>/dev/null)
+	rm -f "/tmp/ecmp_synack_$$"
+
+	if [[ "$result" != *"SYNACK_OK"* ]]; then
+		check_err 1 "connection failed after unblocking (rc=$rc): $result"
+	fi
+
+	log_test "ECMP SYN/ACK rehash: blocked return path"
+}
+
+# Establish a data transfer with both paths open, then block the
+# active path.  Verify the transfer continues via rehash and that
+# TcpTimeoutRehash incremented.
+test_ecmp_midstream_rehash()
+{
+	RET=0
+	local port=$((PORT + 1))
+
+	ip netns exec "$NS2" socat -u \
+		"TCP6-LISTEN:$port,bind=[fd00:ff::2],reuseaddr" - >/dev/null &
+	defer kill_process $!
+
+	wait_local_port_listen "$NS2" $port tcp
+
+	local base_tx0 base_tx1
+	base_tx0=$(link_tx_packets_get "$NS1" veth0a)
+	base_tx1=$(link_tx_packets_get "$NS1" veth1a)
+
+	ip netns exec "$NS1" bash -c "
+		for i in \$(seq 1 40); do
+			dd if=/dev/zero bs=10k count=1 2>/dev/null
+			sleep 0.25
+		done | timeout 60 socat - 'TCP6:[fd00:ff::2]:$port,bind=[fd00:ff::1]'
+	" &>/dev/null &
+	local client_pid=$!
+	defer kill_process $client_pid
+
+	busywait $BUSYWAIT_TIMEOUT until_counter_is \
+			">= $((base_tx0 + base_tx1 + 20))" \
+		link_tx_packets_total "$NS1"
+	check_err $? "no TX activity detected"
+	if [ $RET -ne 0 ]; then
+		log_test "ECMP midstream rehash: block active path"
+		return
+	fi
+
+	# Find the active path and block it.
+	local cur0 cur1 active_idx
+	cur0=$(link_tx_packets_get "$NS1" veth0a)
+	cur1=$(link_tx_packets_get "$NS1" veth1a)
+	if [ $((cur0 - base_tx0)) -ge $((cur1 - base_tx1)) ]; then
+		active_idx=0
+	else
+		active_idx=1
+	fi
+
+	local rehash_before
+	rehash_before=$(get_timeout_rehash_count "$NS1")
+
+	block_tcp "$NS1" "veth${active_idx}a"
+	defer unblock_tcp "$NS1" "veth${active_idx}a"
+
+	local rc=0
+	wait $client_pid || rc=$?
+
+	check_err $rc "data transfer failed after blocking veth${active_idx}a"
+
+	local rehash_after
+	rehash_after=$(get_timeout_rehash_count "$NS1")
+	if [ "$rehash_after" -le "$rehash_before" ]; then
+		check_err 1 "TcpTimeoutRehash counter did not increment"
+	fi
+
+	log_test "ECMP midstream rehash: block active path"
+}
+
+link_tx_packets_total()
+{
+	local ns=$1; shift
+
+	echo $(( $(link_tx_packets_get "$ns" veth0a) +
+		 $(link_tx_packets_get "$ns" veth1a) ))
+}
+
+require_command socat
+
+trap cleanup_all_ns EXIT
+setup || exit $?
+tests_run
+exit $EXIT_STATUS
-- 
2.52.0