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From: Jeff King <peff@peff•net>
To: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox•com>
Cc: Sruteesh Kumar <sruteesh.oss@protonmail•com>,
	"git@vger•kernel.org" <git@vger•kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] match_pathname(): give fnmatch one char of prefix context
Date: Tue, 28 Oct 2025 19:19:45 -0400	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20251028231945.GA4128296@coredump.intra.peff.net> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <xmqq4irkl5ms.fsf@gitster.g>

On Mon, Oct 27, 2025 at 08:35:23AM -0700, Junio C Hamano wrote:

> > BTW, there was another bug mentioned in that original issue around
> > backslash handling. I didn't investigate it at all, though. It didn't
> > look like it would be related to this optimization, so I think we can
> > just consider this fix independently.
> 
> Hmph, backslash is GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL so nowildcard prefix would stop
> before it.  Could it be that we mistake it as a directory separator?
> I _think_ we are still cleanly distinguish paths from the filesystem
> (which could use backslash as directory separator on some platforms)
> and the pathspec (which defines the slash as the sole directory
> separator), and have platform-specific fspathncmp() to absorb the
> differences when matching one with the other.  And nowildcard_len is
> all about the pathspec, so it probably is something else.

Yeah, if you do:

  git init
  echo 'foo\' >.gitignore
  git check-ignore --no-index -n -v 'foo\'

then we do have a nowildcard prefix of only 3. But I don't think we get
to match_pathname() and the prefix-matching optimization at all. In
match_basename(), we directly call the equivalent of (those are literal
backslashes in the strings):

  fnmatch("foo\", "foo\", 0);

and it claims there's no match. Now this is our own wildmatch-backed
implementation, but I wondered what POSIX has to say on a trailing
backslash like that. It's:

         If FNM_NOESCAPE is not set in flags, a <backslash> character in
         pattern followed by any other character shall match that second
         character in string.  In particular, "\\" shall match a
         <backslash> in string.  If pattern ends with an unescaped
         <backslash>, fnmatch() shall return a non-zero value (indicating
         either no match or an error).  If FNM_NOESCAPE is set, a
         <backslash> character shall be treated as an ordinary character.

So we are supposed to reject the match. Looking at the wildmatch
implementation, it does this:

        switch (p_ch) {
        case '\\':
                /* Literal match with following character.  Note that the test
                 * in "default" handles the p[1] == '\0' failure case. */
                p_ch = *++p;
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        default:
                if (t_ch != p_ch)
                        return WM_NOMATCH;
                continue;

which matches what POSIX says.

So I think the input is really nonsense, and we're following POSIX here
in rejecting it. I can't fault an alternative implementation too much
for treating the "\" as a literal char, since that's the only other
sensible behavior. It's probably what I'd do if I hadn't read that bit
of POSIX. ;)

But to a certain degree, I think this is a case of "if it hurts, don't
do it". If you are trying to match "foo\", the correct pattern is
"foo\\".

-Peff

  reply	other threads:[~2025-10-28 23:19 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 20+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2025-10-10 14:57 Probable issue with code/documentation Sruteesh Kumar
2025-10-14  0:34 ` [PATCH] match_pathname(): give fnmatch one char of prefix context Jeff King
2025-10-14  3:09   ` Jeff King
2025-10-22 16:19   ` Sruteesh Kumar
2025-10-23 20:28   ` Junio C Hamano
2025-10-24 18:28     ` Sruteesh Kumar
2025-10-26 15:18     ` Jeff King
2025-10-26 15:26     ` Jeff King
2025-10-26 15:40       ` [PATCH v2 0/2] fix "foo**/bar" matching "foobar" Jeff King
2025-10-26 15:41         ` [PATCH v2 1/2] match_pathname(): reorder prefix-match check Jeff King
2025-10-26 15:42         ` [PATCH v2 2/2] match_pathname(): give fnmatch one char of prefix context Jeff King
2025-10-26 23:29       ` [PATCH] " Junio C Hamano
2025-10-27 14:29         ` Jeff King
2025-10-27 15:35           ` Junio C Hamano
2025-10-28 23:19             ` Jeff King [this message]
2025-10-29 15:32               ` [PATCH] doc: document backslash in gitignore patterns Jeff King
2025-10-29 15:55                 ` Jeff King
2025-10-30 13:40                   ` D. Ben Knoble
2025-10-30 15:08                     ` Jeff King
2025-10-30 16:05                       ` Ben Knoble

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